1. Allotment

2. Purpose of Allotment (1887-1928) End tribalism by redistributing communally owned reservation land to individual Indian families The plan was passed as the Dawes Severalty Act of 1887 Land remaining after each 160-acre allotment was given to the Indian male head-of- household, was sold to white settlers The policy was designed to absorb Natives into the U.S. mainstream society (assimilate)

4. Effects of Allotment The effects were disastrous Families were forced to live separate from their relatives, destroying the kinship network of tribes Hunting was abolished because land was depleted The roles of men & women were changed (women became depended on the men for land and lost their political power) The Native American population reached an all- time low

5. Purpose of Boarding Schools In the late 1800s, the United States supported an educational experiment that the government hoped would assimilate American Indians to the American culture. Special boarding schools were created in locations all over the United States with the purpose of "civilizing" American Indian youth. Thousands of Native American children were sent far from their homes to live in these schools and learn the ways of white culture.

6. Effects of Boarding Schools Many struggled with loneliness and fear away from their tribal homes and familiar customs. Some lost their lives to diseases that spread quickly through the schools. Others thrived despite the hardships, formed lifelong friendships, and preserved their Indian identities.