1. Mammals

2. Key Features Hair – keratin Mammary glands Parental care of young

3. Mammalian Taxonomy

4. Monotremes Egg laying mammals –Leathery outer covering Found in Australia and New Zealand Produce milk

5. Duck-billed Platypus

6. Egg laying Feed young milk Platypus With Young

7. Echidna - Monotreme

8. Marsupial Live born young –Very immature –Develop in pouch Cretaceous Today

9. Continental Drift

10. Koala – Marsupial

11. Marsupial Young Short gestation Long lactation

12. Placental Mammals Eutherians Diverged from Marsupials ~90 mya

13. Placental Mammals 10 major orders –Artiodactyla – even toed hoofs, deer, cows –Carnivora – carnivores, cats, dogs –Cetacea – whales and dolphins –Chiroptera – bats –Insectivora - shrews –Lagomorpha – rabbits –Perissodactyla – odd toed hoofs, horses –Primates – humans, monkeys, apes –Rodentia – rats, squirrels –Pinnipedia – seals and sea lions

14. Fetus is nourished through placenta Long gestation period

15. Gestation vs. Lactation

16. Placenta formation –inner cell mass (embryo) –trophoblast (embryonic portion of placenta) Placental Mammals

20. Tooth Structure Side to side movement of jaw Grinding of plant material Up and down movement of jaw Scissor-like cutting of flesh

21. Tooth Function

22. Jaw Structure Deer Coyote

23. Jaw Structure Herbivore –Lack canines –Selenodont teeth –Side to side movement –Diastema Carnivore –Large canines –Secodont teeth –Wide gape –Teeth interlock –Carnasial teeth to cut flesh

24. Gastrointestinal Tracts

25. Stomach Comparison

26. Ruminant Stomach

27. Rumination Rumen –Microorganisms digest cellulose –Some nutrients absorbed through wall of rumen –Rumination (chewing cud) Reticulum and Omasum –Absorb water –Slowly pass material from rumen to abomasum Abomasum –True stomach –Digestion of microorganisms –Digestion of proteins

29. Hoofed Carnivores Pakicetus Whales With Legs Modern Whales Hoofed Herbivore Modern Hoofed Herbivore Gingerich’s 1984 Theory of Whale Evolution

30. Pakicetus Is Pakicetus an ancestor of the Whale?

31. Genetic Evidence Decode the DNA – DNA sequencing Compare with DNA code of other organisms Determine which organism have the best fit

32. Artiodactyls

33. Gingerich’s 2001 Discovery Whales with Artiodactyl-like ankle bones

35. Hoofed Mammals Single Pulley Hoofed Carnivores Pakicetus Single Pulley Deer, Antelope, Hippos etc. Double Pulley Whales With Legs Double Pulley Modern Whales No Legs 65 my 55 my 5 my Hoofed Mammal Double Pulley

37. Vertebrate Swimming Fish –Tail vertically compressed –Movement side-to-side Whale –Tail horizontally compressed –Movement up-and-down

38. Whale Spine Movement Movement of whale spine swimming similar to movement of land mammal running