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Published byLeon Potter Modified over 9 years ago
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Class Mammalia Subclass Prototheria ‡ Order Triconodonta Morganucodontidae Amphilestidae Triconodontidae ‡ Order Docodonta Order Monotremata ‡ Subclass Allotheria Order Haramiyoidea Order Multituberculata Subclass Theria ‡ Infraclass Trituberculata Order Symmetrodonta Kuehnoetheriidae Order Eupantotheria Dryolestidae Infraclass Metatheria Infraclass Eutheria (After Carroll 1988)
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‡“Class” Mammaliformes
Order Morganucodontia Morganucodontidae Order Docodonta Order Haramiyoidea Class Mammalia Subclass Prototheria Order Platypoda Order Tachyglossa Subclass Theriiformes ‡ Infraclass Allotheria Order Multituberculata ‡ Infraclass Triconodontia Infraclass Holotheria ‡ Order Symmetrodontia ‡ Order Eupantotheria Order Metatheria Order Eutheria (After McKenna & Bell 1997)
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PROTOTHERIA – Order Triconodonta
Morganucodon (late Triassic)
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PROTOTHERIA – Order Triconodonta
Morganucodon (late Triassic)
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PROTOTHERIA – Order Triconodonta
Jurassic - Cretaceous
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PROTOTHERIA – Order Docodontia
Haldanodon (mid-late Jurassic)
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ALLOTHERIA – Order Multituberculata
Late Triassic-Oligocene (160 million yrs.)
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ALLOTHERIA – Order Haramiyoidea
Late Triassic – Jurassic, Europe, Greenland & Africa
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ALLOTHERIA – Order Multituberculata
Family: Eucosmodontidae Kryptobaatar late Cretaceous, Mongolia
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ALLOTHERIA – Order Multituberculata
Ptilodus Paleocene N. America
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PROTOTHERIA -- Order Monotremata Family Ornithorhynchidae
Ornithorhynchus anatinus
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PROTOTHERIA -- Order Monotremata
Family Ornithorhynchidae (fossil history) Deciduous teeth Ornithorhynchus Recent Obdurodon Miocene, Australia Steropodon Cretaceous, Australia Monotrematum Paleocene, South America Kollikodon Cretaceous, Australia
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PROTOTHERIA -- Order Monotremata Family Tachyglossidae (echidnas)
Tachyglossus Short-beaked echidna (Australia, Tasmania, New Guinea)
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PROTOTHERIA -- Order Monotremata Family Tachyglossidae (echidnas)
Zaglossus Long-beaked echidna (New Guinea)
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ORDER SYMMETRODOTA earliest therians
Vincelestes early Cretaceus, Argentina
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PROTOTHERIAN - THERIAN CONTRASTS
PROTOTHERIANS THERIANS (monotremes) (marsupials & placentals) Teeth Deciduous teeth only Permanent dentition multi-cusped molars tribosphenic molars Skeleton Therapsid features: skull with “extra” bones fusion of skull bones cervical ribs cervical ribs lost “reptilian” shoulder girdle “mammalian” shoulder sprawling limb posture upright limb posture Reproduction “reptilian” cloacal opening separate urogenital & anal openings oviparous viviparous mammary glands not well-developed teats forming teats
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POSSIBLE SUB-ORDER RELATIONSHIPS
MAMMAL POLYPHYLY MONOTREMES PLUS MULTITUBERCULATES MARSUPIALS PROTOTHERIA PLUS THERIA (prevailing view)
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