1. Cholera E - State how cholera causes pathology C - Describe special features of a bacterial cell A - Explain how they are related to function

2. Cholera Vibrio cholerae Rod-shaped bacteria Transmitted in contaminated water Causes severe diarrhoea and dehydration.

3. Cholera Bacteria go into hibernation to survive stomach acid Water tainted with V. Cholerae is ingested, usually through water contaminated with effluent Produce flagellin to produce flagellum to move through mucus of small intestine. Cause Cl - ions to be pumped into the small intestine lumen and Na + ion channels to be blocked. Creates highly hypertonic solution in the gut lumen Water drawn out through osmosis (upto 6l a day) causing severe dehydration. Finally shock is caused about 12 hours after first symptoms shown with death with 18 hours

4. Prokaryote (bacterial) Cell wall made of cellulose DNA super coiled into chromosomes and stored in a nucleus Cell membrane made of phospholipids Flagellum Eukaryote (Animal or plant) Cell membrane made of phospholipids Free ribosomes Ribosomes attached to the rough endoplasmic reticulum Membrane bound organelles such as mitochondria No membrane bound Cell wall including peptidoglycan Pilli DNA on a simple circular plasmid

5. Prokaryote (bacterial) Cell wall made of cellulose DNA super coiled into chromosomes and stored in a nucleus Cell membrane made of phospholipids Flagellum Eukaryote (Animal or plant) Cell membrane made of phospholipids Free ribosomes Ribosomes attached to the rough endoplasmic reticulum Membrane bound organelles such as mitochondria No membrane bound organelles Cell wall including peptidoglycan Pilli DNA on a simple circular plasmid

6. Adaptations Facilitate attachment Aid motility (movement) Allows bacteria to be killed more easily by stopping synthesis of specific parts of their cell wall. Have only simple protein synthesis Essential to control flow of substances in and out of the cell. Allow swapping of DNA easily allowing bacteria to be responsive to their environment. Simple processes need only simple enzymic control

7. Eukaryote (Animal or plant)

8. Prokaryote (bacterial)

9. Treatment SLGT1 protein Na + /K + pump Hyperosmotic to lumen Osmosis