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Published byMadeline Barnett Modified over 9 years ago
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Ionic Bonding
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Ionic Compound Composed of positive and negative ions that are attracted to each other Cation Anion Must be the same number of electrons transferred (same number of positive and negative charges) Formula unit: simplest representation of the ions forming a compound Chemical formula tells the ratio of ions forming the formula unit Ratio of ions depends on the charges of the ions Example: Ca bonding with F (draw electron dots)
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Characteristics of Ionic Compounds Ions arranged in a regular repeating pattern called a crystal lattice This minimizes potential energy Crystal lattice depends on attractive forces Cation to anion Nucleus for other atoms’ electrons Crystal lattice depends on repulsive forces Like charged ions Electrons of one atom to electrons of another atom Distances between ions is a balance of energy of attraction and repulsion
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Calcium carbonate
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Characteristics of Ionic Compounds Lattice energy: energy released when one mole of ionic compound formed from its gaseous components Used to compare bond strengths of ionic compounds Ionic compound may contain polyatomic ions Group of covalently bonded atoms with an overall charge Example: Carbonate (CO 3 ) -2 High melting and boiling points due to strong attraction Often brittle
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Common Polyatomic Ions Ammonium NH 4 + Dimercury Hg 2 +2 Acetate CH 3 COO- Bromate BrO 3 - Chlorate ClO 3 - Chloride ClO 2 - Cyanide CN- Bicarbonate HCO 3 - Hydroxide OH- Nitrate NO 3 - Nitrite NO 2 - Permanganate MnO 4 - Carbonate CO 3 -2 Chromate CrO 4 -2 Dichromate Cr 2 O 7 -2 Sulfate SO 4 -2 Sulfite SO 3 -2 Phosphate PO 4 -3
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Test your Knowledge: Draw the Lewis electron dot structure for the formation of ionic bonds between: Lithium and chlorine Calcium and iodine Sodium and fluorine
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