1. Unit four
Human Geography

2. Population What is population?
Geographers use the term population to mean the total number of people who live in a specific area.
The population of the world today is more than 7 billion people.
Question? What factors might have contributed to our increasing population over time?

3. Population distribution and density
Today, the largest populations are found in what are called habitable lands.
Habitable lands are lands that are suitable for human living.
Geography: Population
Only a small portion of the earth’s surface is suitable for humans to settle.
Almost 75% of the earth’s surface is water; in addition, between 35-40% of the earth’s land is too hot, too cold, too wet, or too dry to live on, leaving the habitable lands scarce.

4. Population density
Population density shows, on average, how many people are living in a specific size area such as a square mile or square kilometer.
Demographers are geographers who study the characteristics of human population.
To find population density of a location,
add up the total number of people living in an
area and divide by the total amount of land they
occupy.

5. What factors influence population distribution?
Environmental factors-
What type of natural resources are in the area? Does it have oil or fertile land or access to water?
What is the climate like?
Does it have resources such as transportation and technology?

6. Population distribution continued
Economic factors-
What type of economy does it have?
Is the economy strong and making money?
Political factors-
What is the government policy?
Are there many conflicts?
Is there a rural/urban area?

7. The geography of population
Question: What are some challenges that could result from rapid population growth in an area?
Ellis Island New York City

8. Growth challenges The expanding population creates serious challenges.
What do you think are some challenges to the increasing population?
NPR: Filling the Gap
In some countries, it is difficult to provide the basic needs of food, clean water, and housing.
Many people move to the cities to try to make a better life for themselves, but there are not enough materials to build proper shelter or sewers.

9. Effects of overcrowding
Overcrowding: Japan
Overcrowding: Nigeria

10. Population continued
Question: What are factors that influence people where to choose to live?
Rural vs. Urban:
Rural areas are areas that relate to the country or farms.
Urban areas refer to cities.
Podcast

11. question
Which setting would you prefer to live in and why?

12. Population Explosion Article
The population explosion article sheet you are about to receive has multiple paragraphs.
Each paragraph has corresponding questions attached.
STEPS FOR READING:
ONE: read each paragraph through one time
TWO: re-read the paragraph and highlight what you think could be important information to know.
THREE: answer the questions to the left of the article
FOUR: show me you’ve completed article
FIVE: glue into next plank page of notebook

13. population
End of Population Notes

14. Migration

15. migration You already know one form of it… Why do animals migrate?
Can the reasons for the migration
of animals be applied to humans?

16. What is it? Migration is the process of relocating to a new region.
A person who leaves a country is called an emigrant and when they settle in another country they are called an immigrant.

17. Who are immigrants?

18. Why do people move from place to place?
The reasons for migrating are known as push-pull factors.
Push factors cause people to leave an area. They are essentially being pushed out.
Pull factors attract people to another area. They are essentially being pulled in by something.
The causes of migration are environmental,
economic, cultural, or political.

19. Push factors Environmental Economic Cultural Political
Unstable weather (hurricanes, earthquakes, drought)
Crop failure
Economic
High unemployment
Poverty
Cultural
Limits on freedom
Slavery
Political
Escape from war or persecution
Forced removal

20. Pull factors Environmental Economic Cultural Political
Stable weather (warmer and safer climates)
Abundant resources
Economic
Job opportunities
Create more wealth
Cultural
Personal freedom (return to homeland)
Political
More stability/security
Fewer wars
Push Pull Factors

21. Push – Pull Factors Push and Pull Factors
Use the T-Chart on your notes to tally each time you hear a Push or Pull factor during the video.

22. Push or pull factor Education Poor Economy Crop Failure Employment
Poverty
Wealth
Fertile Land
War
Personal Freedom
Attractive Climate
Lack of Services

23. Push-pull factors
Which factor do you think is most often the cause of migration?

24. Effects of migration Cultural Economic Political
Good: adds diversity (many different ways to think about or do something)
More diversity = a stronger region
Bad: discrimination / no jobs or housing
Economic
Good: brings in needed workers and skills
Bad: jobs are scarce, limited resources or skills
Political
Good: contributions that lead to citizenship
Bad: viewed as unwanted or dangerous, so treated poorly
Migration

25. Earliest human migration
Crash Course: Population and Migration

26. Migration
End of Migration notes.

27. Rural, suburban, and urban
Communities Introduction
What did you notice about the rural areas?
Suburban areas?
Urban areas?

28. Rural Rural areas are areas that refer to the country or farmland.
Rural areas are located outside of cities and towns.
Typically, rural areas have a low population density and very small settlements.

29. Rural Some characteristics of rural areas are:
Farm life
Habitable lands
Small in size
Not many choices for entertainment (shopping, movie theaters, schools, etc.)
Most people living in a rural area farm the land and cultivate it for the growing of crops or other economic gains.
What do you think of when you picture a rural area?

30. Suburban
Suburban areas are residential areas, either existing as part of a city or urban area.
Sometimes they are not part of an urban area but are within driving distance of an urban area.
Suburban areas are often found around cities that have much surrounding flat and habitable lands.

31. Suburban Characteristics of a suburban area:
Within a short distance of urban areas
Lower population density than an urban area, yet a higher population density than in a rural area
Single-family homes are more present
Within a close distance to shopping malls, and other entertainment venues
Land in suburban areas is usually dedicated to more housing. Suburban areas usually house those who work in the urban areas, so suburban areas need more housing to keep up with the demands of jobs in the urban areas.
What do you picture when you picture a suburban area? Some examples?

32. Urban Urban areas refer to cities.
Urban areas are characterized by a higher population density and many more human features than surrounding areas.
Some urban areas in the US include:
New York City, NY
Los Angeles, CA
Dallas, TX
Detroit, MI
San Diego, CA
Pittsburgh, PA
Seattle, WA

33. Urban Characteristics of an urban area:
Much larger in size than a rural area
Population density is much higher than in rural areas
Most people will make use of public transportation (taxi cabs, buses, light rail, etc.)
More opportunities for various jobs
Most people in an urban area live in high-rise apartments. There isn’t enough room on the ground to spread out, so they move up!
What do you picture when you imagine an urban area?

34. Rural, Urban, Suburban Top Urban Cities
In the next few slides, identify whether the projected image is rural, urban, or suburban land.

41. Target practice Know the symbol?
Think of it as an outline of a certain area: urban, suburban, rural.