1. MAJOR HERESIES 325-4504 main church councils  stop heresies In a Theocracy, theological problems are also political problems to prevent splits you must give “official position” est. statement of faith – simple and thorough THEOLOGICAL CONTROVERSIES

2. 325COUNCIL OF NICEA Arian Heresy  Jesus was not God, but a created being similar to God, but not of same substance  Issued “Athanasian Creed”  Jehovah’s Witness THEOLOGICAL CONTROVERSIES

3. 381 COUNCIL OF CONSTANTINOPLE Appollinarian Heresy  Jesus is God in body, but the person he becomes does not have a human mind/soul  Issued “Nicene Creed” THEOLOGICAL CONTROVERSIES

4. 431 COUNCIL OF EPHESUS Nestorian Heresy  Jesus is God and man, but the human mind/soul did not interact with the divine 451 COUNCIL OF CHALCEDON Eutichian Heresy  Jesus is fully divine and human, but Jesus the human was absorbed into the divine  not a complete human  Issued “Chalcedonian Creed” THEOLOGICAL CONTROVERSIES

5. RISE OF HERMITS and MONASTERIES Before Constantine to be holy you witnessed Suffered said “NO” to Roman immorality After Constantine – how does one show holiness since everyone is supposed to be Christian? SPREAD OF CHRISTIANITY

6. As Immortality and Roman influence INCREASED in the Church GODLY MEN/WOMEN LEFT THE CITIES AND ISOLATED THEMSELVES TO KEEP “HOLY” – stayed in desert = HERMITS BUT it is h ard to be holy as a lonely Hermit, so began to join together to create MONASTERIES self-contained did not have to “contaminate” with city life SPREAD OF CHRISTIANITY

7. MONKS Preserved SCHOLASTICISM, MORALITY, and PIETY, especially during slow decline of Christianity during the “DARK AGES” Jerome – studied Hebrew translated Bible from Hebrew and Greek into Latin Benedict – “Benedictine Rules” vows of chastity, obedience, poverty SPREAD OF CHRISTIANITY