1. IS Infrastructure Managing Infrastructure and Services Copyright © 2016 Curt Hill

2. Infrastructure Definition: –The basic physical and organizational structures and facilities needed for the operation of a society or enterprise For a city this would include: –Streets –Sewer –Water –Electricity Obviously the IT infrastructure would be a little different for an enterprise Copyright © 2016 Curt Hill

3. What is IS Infrastructure? Hardware System software Application software Storage Networking Data centers Never forget the people that run all of these Copyright © 2016 Curt Hill

4. Hardware Starts with the computer These come in all sizes and expenses –Personal to super See the next slide for a comparison table Copyright © 2016 Curt Hill

5. Sizes Copyright © 2016 Curt Hill

6. Software System software is the program(s) that allows use of a computer Application software is what we wanted to do with the computer in the first place We will see a subsequent presentation that looks at both of these Copyright © 2016 Curt Hill

7. Storage The place where data is permanently stored –Computer memory is volatile Typically includes –Rotating magnetic media –Magnetic tape –New kid on block is Solid State Drives (SSD) and Storage Class Memory (SCM) Each of these have a range of costs and access speeds Copyright © 2016 Curt Hill

8. Networks Communications mechanism that requires: –Sender and receiver –Transmission pathway –Protocols (rules) for how the communication must occur Like human communication, the message still has to be: –Formulated, encoded, transmitted, received, decoded, and understood for communication to have taken place Copyright © 2016 Curt Hill

9. Sizes of Networks Copyright © 2016 Curt Hill TypeUsageSize Personal area network (PAN) Wireless communication between devices (Bluetooth) Under 10 meters Local area network (LAN) Sharing of data, software applications, and other resources between several users Typically a building Wide area network (WAN) Connect multiple LANs, distributed ownership and management Large physical distance, up to worldwide

10. Internet The Internet is one of several global networks –Communicating smaller nets The Internet has standard protocols –TCP/IP among others Transmission Control Protocol and Internet Protocol The Internet is based on internetworking, or combining networks to form larger networks –Routers copy messages from one LAN/WAN to another Copyright © 2016 Curt Hill

11. World Wide Web The World Wide Web is one of many things that uses the Internet –The World Wide Web is not the Internet The World Wide Web is –Web protocols (e.g., HTML and HTTP) –Web pages (documents containing HTML ) –Web servers (store and provide access to Web pages via a Web site) –Web browsers (provide users with an interface to Web pages) Copyright © 2016 Curt Hill

12. Names and Addresses Usually we use a Universal Resource Locator (URL) to find a web page The web browser broadcasts that name Any Data Name Server (DNS) will respond with an IP number –WWW.VCSU.EDU is 134.129.3.179WWW.VCSU.EDU The browser uses the IP number to contact the server in question –The IP could be used directly Copyright © 2016 Curt Hill

13. URLs Usually three pieces The last one is the type of high level domain –.GOV is government –.EDU is education –.ORG is (usually non-profit) organization –.COM is a business –There are many others Next to last is domain name First is the host in domain Copyright © 2016 Curt Hill

14. Web Components Interconnected networks Clients request Web page hosted on server Server breaks into packets Packets stream over internet to client Client reassembles Client can request retransmission of any missing packets Web browser translates Web page into visible output Copyright © 2016 Curt Hill

15. Intranets and Extranets Companies have confidential data which needs to be shared on a limited basis Intranet: password-protected Web site designed for sharing within the company Extranet: password-protected Web site designed for sharing with select partners Copyright © 2016 Curt Hill

16. Data Centers Where the computing and some networking hardware is concentrated May be as small as a room in a building May be as big as a large warehouse –Thousands of servers and storage Centers facilitate security, easy upgrades or repairs and managing all of the equipment Copyright © 2016 Curt Hill

17. Conclusion This is been a brief look at parts of the information system infrastructure This included hardware, networks and data centers We next look at some of the fundamental pieces of software Copyright © 2016 Curt Hill