1. Apoptosis and Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Human Chondrocytes Following Exposure to Lidocaine, Bupivacaine, and Ropivacaine by Valentina Grishko, Min Xu, Glenn Wilson, and Albert W. Pearsall J Bone Joint Surg Am Volume 92(3):609-618 March 1, 2010 ©2010 by The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery, Inc.

2. Scatterplots of flow cytometry determinations of the numbers of necrotic, apoptotic, and viable cells twenty-four hours after a one-hour exposure to the following (from left to right, from top to bottom): saline solution, 2% lidocaine, 1% lidocaine, 0.5% li... Valentina Grishko et al. J Bone Joint Surg Am 2010;92:609- 618 ©2010 by The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery, Inc.

3. Viability of human chondrocytes as determined by flow cytometry analysis at twenty-four hours, seventy-two hours, and 120 hours after exposure to saline solution (C), 1% and 0.5% lidocaine (L) (top panel); 0.5% and 0.25% bupivacaine (B), and 0.5 and 0.2% ro... Valentina Grishko et al. J Bone Joint Surg Am 2010;92:609- 618 ©2010 by The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery, Inc.

4. Scatterplots of flow cytometry determinations of the numbers of necrotic, apoptotic, and viable cells 120 hours after a one-hour exposure to the following (from left to right, from top to bottom): saline solution, 1% lidocaine, 0.5% lidocaine, 0.5% bupivaca... Valentina Grishko et al. J Bone Joint Surg Am 2010;92:609- 618 ©2010 by The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery, Inc.

5. Apoptosis in human chondrocytes at 120 hours following a single one-hour exposure to local anesthetics. Valentina Grishko et al. J Bone Joint Surg Am 2010;92:609- 618 ©2010 by The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery, Inc.

6. Western blot analysis of procaspase 3 and 9 levels in human chondrocytes at 120 hours following exposure to 0.5% and 1% lidocaine (L0.5 and L1), 0.5% and 0.2% ropivacaine (R0.5 and R0.2), and 0.5% and 0.25% bupivacaine (B0.5 and B0.25). Valentina Grishko et al. J Bone Joint Surg Am 2010;92:609- 618 ©2010 by The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery, Inc.

7. Mitochondrial DNA damage induced by local anesthetics in human chondrocytes. Valentina Grishko et al. J Bone Joint Surg Am 2010;92:609- 618 ©2010 by The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery, Inc.

8. Effect of tetrodotoxin (TTX) on human chondrocyte mtDNA integrity. Valentina Grishko et al. J Bone Joint Surg Am 2010;92:609- 618 ©2010 by The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery, Inc.

9. Effect of high potassium (KCl) on mtDNA damage in human chondrocytes following local anesthetic exposure. Valentina Grishko et al. J Bone Joint Surg Am 2010;92:609- 618 ©2010 by The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery, Inc.

10. ATP levels (in pmol/1000 cells) in human chondrocytes following exposure to 0.5%, 1%, and 2% lidocaine (L), 0.5% and 0.25% bupivacaine (B), and 0.5% and 0.2% ropivacaine (R). Valentina Grishko et al. J Bone Joint Surg Am 2010;92:609- 618 ©2010 by The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery, Inc.

11. Western blot analysis of cytochrome-c oxidase subunit III (Sub III COX) levels in human chondrocytes following exposure to saline solution and to 2%, 1%, and 0.5% lidocaine (from left to right). Valentina Grishko et al. J Bone Joint Surg Am 2010;92:609- 618 ©2010 by The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery, Inc.