1. Treatment of Infectious Diseases

2. ›Drugs used to treat bacterial diseases are grouped into categories based on their modes of action Treatment of Bacterial Diseases

3. ›Penicillins and cephalosporins ›Interfere with certain layers of the bacteria’s cell wall ›Do not affect the host cells Treatment of Bacterial Diseases

4. ›Chloramphenicol, Tetracyclines, and Erythromycins ›Bind to bacteria cell ribosomes and inhibits protein synthesis ›May be toxic to human tissue when used in high doses or for prolonged periods of time Treatment of Bacterial Diseases

5. ›Rifampin ›Used to treat tuberculosis ›Inhibits RNA synthesis Treatment of Bacterial Diseases

6. ›Drugs that effectively inhibit viral infections are highly toxic to host cells because viruses use the host’s metabolic enzymes in reproduction Treatment of Viral Diseases

7. ›Antiviral drugs target virus-specific enzymes ›Acyclovir Used in treatment of genital herpes Treatment of Viral Diseases

8. ›Amantadine ›Used to prevent or moderate influenza (flu) for those at high risk of severe illness ›AZT ›Inhibits replication of HIV genome Treatment of Viral Diseases

9. ›Development of drugs used treat fungi, protozoan, and helminthic diseases are also highly toxic to mammals Treatment of Fungal and Parasitic Diseases

10. ›Azol Derivitives ›Antifungal ›Inhibit sterol synthesis ›Sterols are organic compounds that make up cell walls Treatment of Fungal and Parasitic Diseases

11. ›Amphotericin B ›Antifungal also ›Disrupts cell membrane Treatment of Fungal and Parasitic Diseases

12. Antimicrobial resistance presents ongoing problems in the fight against infectious diseases RESISTANCE TO ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS

13. ›Penicillin resistance noted as early as 1943 by Alexander Fleming (the discover of penicillin) ›He warned that indiscriminate use of penicillin would lead to resistant pathogenic bacteria Resistance to Antimicrobial Agents

14. Mycobacterium Tuberculosis (TB) Some strains are resistant to all of the currently available drugs used for treatment Resistance to Antimicrobial Agents

15. ›Is a result of changes in genetic information ›Resistance mechanism include: ›1. Causes structural changes that inhibit the drug’s ability to bind to it ›2. Reduces permeability of the cell membrane to the drug ›3. Actively pumps the drug out of the cell after it has entered it Resistance to Antimicrobial Agents