1. Characteristics of Bacteria
Classification
Reproduction
Uses
Controlling Growth

2. Structure of Bacteria Two parts to Bacteria Structure: Arrangement
Shape

3. Bacteria are classified by shape into 3 groups:
3 Shapes of Bacteria
Bacteria are classified by shape into 3 groups:
Spiral:
spirilla, spirillum
Rod-shaped:
bacilli, bacillus
Round:
cocci, coccus

4. Shape
Rod: bacillus
Round: coccus
Spiral: spirillum

5. Bacteria Arrangement Paired: diplo Grape-like clusters: staphylo
Chains: strepto

6. Examples Streptococcus: chains of spheres
Staphylospirillum: Grapelike clusters of spirals
Streptobacillus: Chains of rods

7. Name these bacteria…

8. Bacterial Reproduction
Do bacteria reproduce sexually?

9. Bacterial Reproductionno

10. Binary Fission Cell division in prokaryotes 1 cell  2 cells
genetically
identical (clones)

11. Binary Fission Bacterial Cell & Nucleiod DNA Ring DNA replication
Cell wall synthesis
Cell separation

12. BINARY FISSION Bacteria dividing Completed Reproduction of Bacteria
Bacteria dividing
Completed

13. Conjugation
Transfer of genes between prokaryotes (Can occur within AND between species.)
NOT sexual, but bacteria do exchange genes.
pilus
For me!
Have a
plasmid.
plasmid
(“ring” of DNA)

14. Transformation
“Loose” DNA rings (plasmids) taken directly from the environment under adverse conditions or through biotechnology.
plasmid
(“ring” of DNA)

15. Reproduction of Bacteria
The time of reproduction depends on how desirable the conditions are
Bacteria can rapidly reproduce themselves in warm, dark, and moist conditions
Some can reproduce every 20 minutes
(one bacteria could be an ancestor to one million bacteria in six hours)

16. Endospores
Endospores = small resistant cells formed inside existing cells to survive poor conditions. It’s NOT reproduction.
Bacillus anthracis (anthrax bacterium)

17. Endospore-the black section in the middle
Bacteria Survival
Bacillus subtilis
Endospore-the black section in the middle
highly resistant structures
can withstand radiation, UV light, and boiling at 120oC for 15 minutes.

18. some bacteria cause diseases Animals can pass diseases to humans
Harmful Bacteria
some bacteria cause diseases
Animals can pass diseases to humans
Communicable Disease –
Disease passed from one organism to another
This can happen in several ways:
Air
Touching clothing, food, silverware, or toothbrush
Drinking water that contains bacteria

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Harmful Bacteria
Human tooth with accumulation of bacterial plaque (smooth areas) and calcified tartar (rough areas)

20. Bacteria grow in the stomach of a cow to break down grass and hay
Helpful Bacteria
Decomposers help recycle nutrients into the soil for other organisms to grow
Bacteria grow in the stomach of a cow to break down grass and hay
Most are used to make antibiotics
Some bacteria help make insulin
Used to make industrial chemicals

21. Helpful Bacteria Used to treat sewage
Organic waste is consumed by the bacteria, used as nutrients by the bacteria, and is no longer present to produce odors, sludge, pollution, or unsightly mess.
foods like yogurt, cottage & Swiss cheese, sour cream, buttermilk are made from bacteria that grows in milk

22. E.coli on small intestines
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Helpful Bacteria
E.coli on small intestines

23. 3 ways to control bacteria:
Controlling Bacteria
3 ways to control bacteria:
1) Canning- the process of sealing food in airtight cans or jars after killing bacteria
endospores are killed during this process
2) Pasteurization- process of heating milk to kill harmful bacteria
3) Dehydration- removing water from food
Bacteria can’t grow when H2O is removed
example: uncooked noodles & cold cereal

24. Controlling Bacteria in People
Antibiotics = inhibit bacterial growth; stop reproduction or kill
-directly kill or inhibit the bacteria
(Drugs that inhibit viruses are usually called anti-virals.)
Immunization = inject parts of bacteria or viruses to “train” the immune system to destroy the pathogen
-make a person’s body uninhabitable for the bacteria OR viruses

25. Penicillium Fungus