1. Do Now! “Dissect” the 10 th Amendment using the worksheet Ms. D distributed. “Dissect” the 10 th Amendment using the worksheet Ms. D distributed. So what can we tell about the framers INTENT from this Amendment? So what can we tell about the framers INTENT from this Amendment? What kind of government should they design so that the national government doesn’t get too powerful???? (remember that we know that Confederations don’t work….) What kind of government should they design so that the national government doesn’t get too powerful???? (remember that we know that Confederations don’t work….)

2. Answer: Federalism!!!

3. a way of organizing a nation so that all power resides in the central government a “loose” friendship with limited central gov’t… *Think: Articles of Confederation or the UN!

4. Defining Federalism What is Federalism? What is Federalism? A way of organizing a nation so that two or more levels of government have formal authority over the land and peopleA way of organizing a nation so that two or more levels of government have formal authority over the land and people What are “Intergovernmental Relations” then? What are “Intergovernmental Relations” then? The workings of the federal system- the entire set of interactions among national, state and local governmentsThe workings of the federal system- the entire set of interactions among national, state and local governments

5. Defining Federalism

6. Why Is Federalism So Important? Why Is Federalism So Important? Decentralizes our politicsDecentralizes our politics More opportunities to participate More opportunities to participate Decentralizes our policiesDecentralizes our policies Federal and state governments handle different problems. Federal and state governments handle different problems. States regulate drinking ages, marriage, and speed limits.States regulate drinking ages, marriage, and speed limits. States can solve the same problem in different ways and tend to be policy innovators. States can solve the same problem in different ways and tend to be policy innovators.

7. The Constitutional Basis of Federalism The Division of Power The Division of Power Supremacy Clause, Article VI of the Constitution states the following are supreme:Supremacy Clause, Article VI of the Constitution states the following are supreme: The U.S. Constitution The U.S. Constitution Laws of Congress Laws of Congress Treaties Treaties Yet, national government cannot usurp state powers.Yet, national government cannot usurp state powers. Tenth Amendment Tenth Amendment “This Constitution, and the Laws of the United States which shall be made in Pursuance thereof; and all Treaties made, or which shall be made, under the Authority of the United States, shall be the supreme Law of the Land; and the Judges in every State shall be bound thereby, any Thing in the Constitution or Laws of any State to the Contrary notwithstanding.” - Article VI

9. The Constitutional Basis of Federalism States’ Obligations to Each Other States’ Obligations to Each Other Full Faith and Credit (Article IV, Section 1): Each state must recognize official documents and judgments rendered by other states.Full Faith and Credit (Article IV, Section 1): Each state must recognize official documents and judgments rendered by other states. Privileges and Immunities (Article IV, Section 2): Citizens of each state have privileges of citizens of other states.Privileges and Immunities (Article IV, Section 2): Citizens of each state have privileges of citizens of other states. Extradition: States must return a person charged with a crime in another state to that state for punishment.Extradition: States must return a person charged with a crime in another state to that state for punishment.

10. Intergovernmental Relations Today Dual Federalism Dual Federalism Definition: A system of government in which both the states and the national government remain supreme within their own spheres, each responsible for some policiesDefinition: A system of government in which both the states and the national government remain supreme within their own spheres, each responsible for some policies Like a layer cakeLike a layer cake Narrowly interpreted powers of federal governmentNarrowly interpreted powers of federal government Ended in the 1930’sEnded in the 1930’s

12. Understanding Federalism

13. Intergovernmental Relations Today Cooperative Federalism Cooperative Federalism Definition: a system of government in which powers and policy assignments are shared between states and the national governmentDefinition: a system of government in which powers and policy assignments are shared between states and the national government Like a marble cakeLike a marble cake Shared costs and administrationShared costs and administration States follow federal guidelinesStates follow federal guidelines

14. Intergovernmental Relations Today Fiscal Federalism Fiscal Federalism Definition: The pattern of spending, taxing, and providing grants in the federal system; it is the cornerstone of the national government’s relations with state and local governmentsDefinition: The pattern of spending, taxing, and providing grants in the federal system; it is the cornerstone of the national government’s relations with state and local governments

16. Understanding Federalism Advantages for Democracy Advantages for Democracy Increases access to governmentIncreases access to government Local problems can be solved locallyLocal problems can be solved locally Hard for political parties or interest groups to dominate all politicsHard for political parties or interest groups to dominate all politics Disadvantages for Democracy Disadvantages for Democracy States have different levels of service Local interest can counteract national interests Too many levels of government and too much money

17. Understanding Federalism Yikes! And there’s actually more… in 2006, it was 87,576!

18. Understanding Federalism

20. Federalism and the Scope of Government Federalism and the Scope of Government What should the scope of national government be relative to the states?What should the scope of national government be relative to the states? National power increased with industrialization, expansion of individual rights, and social services. National power increased with industrialization, expansion of individual rights, and social services. Most problems require resources afforded to the national, not state governments. Most problems require resources afforded to the national, not state governments.

21. Summary American federalism is a governmental system in which power is shared between a central government and the 50 state governments. American federalism is a governmental system in which power is shared between a central government and the 50 state governments. The United States has moved from dual to cooperative federalism & fiscal federalism. The United States has moved from dual to cooperative federalism & fiscal federalism. Federalism leads to both advantages and disadvantages to democracy. Federalism leads to both advantages and disadvantages to democracy.