1. Copyright © 2007 Heathkit Company, Inc. All Rights Reserved PC Fundamentals Presentation 29 – The ROM/BIOS

2. 2 Objectives At the end of this presentation, you will be able to:

3. 3 Check the BIOS firmware level. Describe when a BIOS firmware upgrade should be performed. Update the BIOS. Explain how to recover from a failed flash BIOS attempt.

4. 4 The ROM/BIOS

5. 5 Setup vs. BIOS vs. CMOS Setup is a program that controls settings in the BIOS, which are stored on a device manufactured with CMOS technology.

6. 6 Setup lets you control how your computer is configured.

7. 7 When you get a new computer, it is a good idea to write down the configuration information.

8. 8 The BIOS settings determine the configuration of your system.

9. 9 This information is saved in a special memory called CMOS.

10. 10 CMOS has its own battery so that the configuration information will not be lost when the computer is turned off or during a power failure.

11. 11 BIOS Suppliers Award American Megatrends (AMI) Phoenix

12. 12 ROM PCI/ISA BIOS (2A69KS2C) CMOS SETUP UTILITY AWARD SOFTWARE, INC. STANDARD CMOS SETUP BIOS FEATURES SETUP CHIPSET FEATURES SETUP POWER MANAGEMENT SETUP PNP/PCI CONFIGURATION LOAD SETUP DEFAULTS LOAD BIOS DEFAULTS INTEGRATED PERIPHERALS SUPERVISOR PASSWORD USER PASSWORD IDE HDD AUTO DETECTION SAVE & EXIT SETUP EXIT WITHOUT SAVING ESC :QUIT  : Select Item F10 :SAVE & EXIT SETUP (Shift)F2:Change Color Time, Date, Hard Disk Type...

13. 13 STANDARD CMOS SETUP Date (mm:dd:yy) :Wed, May 12 1999 Time (hh:mm:ss) :11:33: 24 HARD DISKS TYPE SIZE CYLS HEAD PRECOMP LANDZ SECTOR MODE Pri Master: Auto 0 0 0 0 0 0 AUTO Pri Slave : None 0 0 0 0 0 0 ----- Sec Master: None 0 0 0 0 0 0 ----- Sec Slave : None 0 0 0 0 0 0 ----- Drive A: 1.44M, 3.5 in. Drive B: None Floppy 3 Mode Support: Disabled Video : EGA/VGA Halt On : All Errors ESC:Quit  : Select Item PU/PD/+/-: Modify F1 :Help(Shift)F2 : Change Color Base Memory : 640K Ext Memory : 31744K Other Memory: 384K Total Memory 32768K

14. 14 American Megatrends AMIBIOS Setup (C)1996, American Megatrends Inc. Default OriginalOptimalTurbo Utility Color Set Language Security SupervisorUser Anti-Virus 14 Setup 1717 Standard PCI/PnP Advanced Peripheral Power Mgmt Chipset

15. 15 Main Advanced SecurityPower Boot Exit Phoenix SETUP Utility (Version 1.00) 01 F1 Help  Select Item -/+ Change Values F9 Setup Defaults Esc Exit  Select Menu Enter Select Sub Menu F10 Save and Exit Item Specific Help BIOS Version 4S4EBOX1.10A.0028.P11 (All) Processor Type Pentium II Processor Processor Speed350 MHz Cache RAM 512 KB Service Tag J6XXX System Memory 192 MB Memory Bank 0 32 MB SDRAM Memory Bank 1 32 MB SDRAM Memory Bank 2 128 MB SDRAM Language: [English (US)] L2 Cache ECC Support:[Auto] System Time:[16:54:53] System Date:[04/27/1999] Enabling L2 Cache ECC Support allows error checking to occur on data accessed from the L2 cache. When this option is disabled, error checking is not performed. When set to Auto, the state of the L2 ECC cache will follow the state of the ECC DRAM. Menu

16. 16 Award BIOS

17. 17 AMI BIOS

18. 18 Award BIOS… …inside an Intel device.

19. 19 Batteries

20. 20 Batteries

21. 21 When Do You Update BIOS? Solve a problem or add capability Adding a new piece of hardware

22. 22 Where do you find the BIOS update? Check the server manufacturer’s website Check the motherboard manufacturer’s website Download from computer manufacturer or motherboard vendor “Flash” to upgrade

23. 23 Flash BIOS In computers built after 1996, BIOS is in a flash ROM. A flash ROM can be erased and rewritten right in the system without removing the ROM. BIOS upgrades are available from the computer or motherboard manufacturer’s website. Upgrades can be downloaded and “flashed” into the ROM.

24. 24 Elements to be downloaded: BIOS Update – Updates are periodically developed to correct known problems, enhance functionality, or to include new technology. Upgrade Utility – A special program with which you can flash the new BIOS into ROM.

25. 25 1.Save your CMOS RAM Setup Configuration. Enter Setup. Record the BIOS Version Number. Write down (or print out) the CMOS settings. Make certain you save the information for all screens.

26. 26 2.Create a bootable floppy disk. Go to the DOS prompt Insert diskette in floppy drive Type: FORMAT A: /S

27. 27 3.Extract the flash utility and copy it to the diskette.

28. 28 4.Boot from the floppy It may be necessary to reset the boot sequence in Setup so that the system will boot from the floppy. Then boot from the floppy disk. The flash utility should automatically run.

29. 29 5.Save a copy of the current BIOS Most flash utilities will give you this option. You will need the current BIOS if for some reason the new one causes some unforeseen problem.

30. 30 6.Update the Flash ROM Select the command. Select the BIOS image. Note the warning. Execute the command. The operation may take several minutes. Allow the operation to finish.

31. 31 7.When done, remove the floppy disk, reboot, and go into Setup.

32. 32 8.In Setup: Check the new BIOS Version Number to insure that the update has been successful. Load the default values for CMOS. Re-enter unique settings from the CMOS list you recorded earlier. Save the settings.

33. 33 9.Exit Setup and Reboot the system.

34. 34 Flash BIOS Recovery

35. 35 Option 1: Physically replace the ROM

36. 36 Option 2. The BIOS Recovery Procedure The flash ROM has a small un-erasable section that holds an emergency BIOS recovery routine. Recovery/Normal Jumper.

37. 37 The BIOS Recovery Procedure Move the jumper to the Recovery Mode. Insert the bootable disk you created earlier into drive A and boot the system. The routine should run automatically and get you back to a point where you can at least boot the system. Move the jumper back to the Normal mode.

38. Copyright © 2007 Heathkit Company, Inc. All Rights Reserved PC Fundamentals End