2. Behavior Theory-Based Model Learning by “operant conditioning”

3. From Pavlov... To B.F. Skinner

4. BEHAVIOR MODIFICATION claims to provide motivation and discipline, thus alleviating so-called ‘learning blocks’ LEARNING is considered to be a form of behavior modification

5. How does behavior modification occur? Through CONDITIONING Classic Operant In the past, Pavlov identified classic conditioning. Points of interest are: *s*stimulus is followed by response *r*response after conditioning is usually involuntary

6. Skinner’s idea of operant conditioning follows this basic principle: a response followed by a reinforcing stimulus is more likely to occur again In contrast to classic conditioning: *t*the response is followed (reinforced) by the stimulus *t*the response is voluntary

7. According to Skinner, the teacher is the reinforcer and the student is the operant. BUT WHAT HAPPENS WHEN THE REINFORCER IS GONE?

8. Without reinforcement, the operant can revert back to former behavior, thus ‘undoing’ the learning attained through behavior modification. This is known as extinction. How on earth can learning take place with such a model?

9. Ashley’s Dilemma How to make students “think” when utilizing this model. help students acquire “intrinsic reinforcer(s)” help students identify and use reinforcement use this model in conjunction with others

10. REVIEW Learning as a form of behavior modification Two types of conditioning, and the two main differences between them Reinforcer / operant relationship Intrinsic reinforcer