1. Romanticism, Realism, Impressionism

2.  European countries passed through severe political troubles. At the same time, new artistic movements emerged.  During the first half of the century, as common people began to fight for political power, thinkers and artists focused on ideas of freedom, the rights of individuals, and an idealistic view of history (Romanticism)  By the middle of the 19 th century, industrialization had a deep effect on everyday life. Intellectuals and artists expressed a realistic view of the world. In their view of the world, the rich pursued their selfish interests while ordinary people struggled and suffered. Art began to celebrate working, sweating, everyday people (Realism)  By the end of the century, a new movement portrayed the life of middle- class people as a beautiful dream (Impressionism)

3.  Romanticism showed deep interest in nature and in the thoughts and feelings of the individual.  Romantics turned from reason to emotion and from society to nature.  In this way, romantic thinkers were reacting against the ideals of the Enlightenment. Romantics were often inspired by Nationalism and revolution Emphasizes the harmony between humans and nature… Moonrise Over the Sea by Caspar David Friedrich

4. Ride of the Valkyries – Maud *how does this piece glorify war?

5. o With industrialization and a new interest in the scientific method, a realistic approach to art and literature emerged o Realism tried to show life as it is, not as it should be o Realists reflected the increasing role of the working class o Artists and writers depicted the tough life of industrial workers o These artists did not romanticize, they recorded

6. Fostered the idea that everyday people and events are worthy subjects for art.

7.  In the second half of the century, a group of painters in Paris reacted against the realistic style  Instead of showing life as it really is, they tried giving their impression of a subject or a moment in time, like a photograph  Typically showed a more positive view of the new urban society in Western Europe. Instead of abused workers, they showed shop clerks and dock workers enjoying themselves in dance halls and cafes or performers in the theater (glorified the delights of the life of the rising middle class)

8.  Captures an immediate impression of a brief moment  Utilizes loose brushwork to catch the fleeting light that shimmers

9.  What are some characteristics of Romantic art? Realist? Impressionist?  Why did new artistic movements emerge in the 19 th century?