1. J. Patrick Megonigal Smithsonian Environmental Research Center State of research on climate mitigation benefits from conservation and restoration of blue carbon systems

2. Tidal Wetland Ecosystem Services Habitat Pollution Reduction Storm Protection Carbon Sequestration

3. Sea Level-Driven C Sequestration Capacity Created by Adam Langley carbon deposited with sediment carbon from plants

4. Annual Rate of Carbon Storage McLeod et al. 2011, Frontiers

5. Habitat Type Global extent (Mha) Conversion drivers Annual Loss Rate (~1980–2000) Total Historical Loss (%) Seagrass30 - 60 a Water quality degradation, mechanical damage 1.2%–2% b 29 c Tidal Marsh 5.1 d Historical reclamation for agriculture & salt ponds; real estate development 1%–2% e Centuries of conversion f Mangroves13.8 –17 g Aquaculture, forestry uses, Agriculture 0.7%–2.1% h 35 i Murray et al. 2010, Nicholas Institute Policy Brief Blue Carbon Pools tropical forest Soil Carbon Plant Carbon

6. Threats to Blue Carbon Ecosystems Kirwan & Megonigal 2013, Nature

7. Carbon Losses from Blue Carbon Ecosystems Pendleton et al. 2012, PLoS One

8. CEC. 2013. North American Blue Carbon Scoping Study. Howard et al. 2014

9. Challenges to Carbon Accounting

10. source: Melanie Engram, UAF

11. Radiative Forcing by CH 4 and N 2 O CO 2 CH 4 = 34 CO 2 N 2 O = 298 CO 2

12. Poffenberger, Needelman & Megonigal (2011) 95% quartile Problem #1: CH 4 and N 2 O Emissions 75% quartile 25% quartile 5% quartile Methane emissions negated by soil carbon storage (Chmura et al. 2003) net carbon sinkno change Log 10

13. Problem #2: Carbon Double Counting

14. Problem #3: Stability Against Sea Level Rise USGS

15. Nickolay Lamm StorageFront.com Thank You