1. Conflict, Post election violence and ‘durable solutions’ for IDPs. IDMC Nuur.sheekh@nrc.ch

2. Profile of Violence Violence was initially spontaneous Ethnic violence in Rift Valley Reprisal attacks in Nakuru and Naivasha Excessive use of force by the police Displacement in RVP/Central/

3. Structural causes of violence Need for constitutional, legal and institutional reform Ethnically based patronage politics Marked social inequality – demographic and geographic

4. Immediate Causes of violence The ineptitude of the ECK Blatant rigging of the election, specially the presidential Some countries ‘recognising’ Kibaki immediately results announced Opportunistic behaviour of local gangs and militia

5. Cont… Failure of the security forces to contain violence Incendiary political statements by political leaders in both ODM and PNU The role of the media – in particular vernacular stations Polarisation and weakening of civil society Weakness and capture of key institutions

6. The current situation Reduction in violence consolidated by the power-sharing agreement of 28 th February A stalemate in forming a coalition government i.e. cabinet positions Most IDPs still in camps

7. Cont… Disconnect between peace building at a national level and local level Areas of ongoing violence – eg Mount Elgon, Molo, Laikipia IDPs fear return

8. Risks of renewed violence Short – medium term triggers Failure of power-sharing Potential prosecution of leading politician or political assassination Violence related to IDP return and resettlement process

9. National and international Response GoK led response through the MoSP in which the NDOS coordinates and KRCS acts as the official implementing partner KNRC relies on its pool of volunteers Capacity problems UN activated cluster

10. Protection Concerns Lack of basic facilities in some camps e.g. lighting in Turbo camp Shelter and camp management Rains Disease Ethnic animosity SGBV

11. ‘Durable Solutions’ National Reconciliation & Emergency Social & Economic Recovery Strategy – To what extent is it in line with the ‘Framework for Durable Solutions’ Much as the language is derived from the Principles, the spirit of the Strategy Paper is wanting: IDPs have not been consulted Time frame of 100 days for return unrealistic Issue of IDPs living within the host communities not addressed No information given to IDPs on situation in home areas