1. Evolution CRCT
Practice Questions

2. By looking at the diagram
By looking at the diagram. Which of the following are more closely related to crocodiles?
a) Sharks b) amphibians c) primates d)Ray-finned fish

18. The structures shown below are _____
a.  
vestigial
b.  
analogous
c.  
heterologous
d.  
homologous

19. d. homologous

20. Sometimes people get bacterial infections that do not respond to medications, such as antibiotics, that are used to treat bacterial infections.
Which statement BEST describes why the antibiotics do not get rid of the bacterial infections?
A People have become immune to the antibiotics.
B Bacteria have genes that protect them from the antibiotics.
C Bacteria absorb the antibiotic, causing it to be less effective.
D People eat foods that cause the antibiotic to be less effective.

21. Which of these is an example of selective breeding?
A mold is grown in a lab and used to make medicines
B sheep are cloned to produce more of the same type of sheep
C genes are inserted into bacteria to make many copies of the gene for a certain trait
D hens that lay the most eggs are crossed with healthy roosters to produce many healthy offspring

22. How do mutations change populations over time?
Most mutations are harmful and cause species to become extinct
Most mutations cause abnormal disease in species
Mutations generally have no effect on a population since they are simple changes in DNA
d. Mutation can produce adaptations in organisms that help them survive better in their environment

23. D. Mutation can produce adaptations in organisms that help them survive better in their environment

24. Natural selection can best be defined as the _____.
a.elimination of the smallest organisms by the biggest organisms  
b.survival and reproduction of the organisms that occupy the largest area  
c.survival of the biggest and strongest organisms in a population 
d.survival and reproduction of the organisms that are genetically best adapted to the environment

25. d. survival and reproduction of the organisms that are genetically best adapted to the environment

26. A farmer sprayed his corn crop with an herbicide to kill the weeds in his field. Most of the weeds died from the herbicide, but a few were resistant and survived. The next year, the farmer used the same herbicide on his field. This time the herbicide did not work as well. The weeds seemed to be unaffected. Which best explains this situation?
a. The herbicide caused a mutation in the weeds.
b. The herbicide caused immunity in the weeds.
c. A few weeds in the first population were immune to the herbicide and passed this trait on to the second generation.
d. The weeds learned to fight off the herbicide.

27. c. A few weeds in the first population were immune to the herbicide and passed this trait on to the second generation.

29. Two individuals are unquestionably members of the same species if they:
a. possess the same number of chromosomes. b. breed at the same time. c. are phenotypically indistinguishable. d. can mate and produce fertile offspring e. pass the text of sympatry.

30. d. can mate and produce fertile offspring

31. The solidified remains or imprint of a previously existing organism is called a
a. sediment.
b. layer.
c. fossil.
d. mineral.

32. c. fossil.

33. Why are fossils evidence of evolution?
A. They show that living organisms have remained unchanged throughout time
B. They provide a history of life on earth
C. They show what types of DNA organisms had
D. They show that organisms have adapted to extreme environments

34. B. They provide a history of life on earth

35. A. The animals were probably ancestors of today’s horses
Fossils of animals the size of goats were dated at 5 million years old. Similarly, fossils of larger animals were dated at 3 million years old. Both animals were similar in body structure to today's horses. Using these data, which inference can scientists make?
A. The animals were probably ancestors of today’s horses
B. The animals had no relationship to one another.
C. Today's horses and these animals probably lived together at some time in the past.
D. Today's horses are faster than these animals were.

36. A. The animals were probably ancestors of today’s horses

37. Fossils are useful in Determining how species have change over time
Determining the absolute age of rock layers only
Explaining the theory of natural selection
Supporting the theory that mutations are not always negative.

38. Determining how species have change over time