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Introduction to Computers Lecture 1.1 Doug Hogan, 2003-04 Penn State University CMPSC 100 – Computer Fundamentals and Applications
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Questions? Questions on syllabus?
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Office Hours In 338E IST – drop-in Tuesday, 1-2 p.m. Wednesday, 12:30-1:30 p.m. and by appointment You may find me there other times too “Virtual” on Instant Messenger (cmpsc100) whenever not “away” as requested look at profile of the account
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Attributes of Computers Speed Reliability Accuracy Storage Communication
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Applications Word processing Financial management Shopping Email Entertainment Many more…
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Components of a Computer Central processing unit (CPU) Memory Input devices Output devices Storage devices
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Central Processing Unit (CPU) Basic job: handle processing of instructions What’s an instruction? Two parts: Control Unit (CU) Arithmetic and Logic Unit (ALU)
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The ALU Built up from digital logic gates AND OR NOT most primitive level
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Memory Holds programs that are currently running and the data being used by those programs. Two categories: Read-only memory (ROM) can only read data Random-access memory (RAM) can read and write information
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Memory: sizes base unit: 1 bit = binary digit, 0 or 1 8 bits = 1 byte (B) 1000 bytes ≈ 1 kilobyte (KB) 1000 KB ≈ 1,000,000 B ≈ 1 megabyte (MB) 1000 MB ≈ 1,000,000,000 B ≈ 1 gigabyte (GB)
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Memory Related data organized into files
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Storage Devices Floppy disk 3.5 inches, 1.44 MB Hard disk typically sizes in GB Compact disc (CD) 650-700 MB CD-ROM: read-only memory CD-R: recordable CD-RW: rewritable
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More Storage Devices Digital Versitale/Video Disc (DVD) 4.7 GB Zip disks and tape drives varies
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Input Devices mouse keyboard scanner camera microphone
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Output Devices monitor cathode ray tube (CRT) liquid crystal display (LCD) printer speakers
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Hardware vs. Software Hardware essentially, things you can touch input, output, storage devices Software essentially, what the computer knows data, 0s and 1s programs
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Software Overview System software Controls basic operations of computer The operating system manages memory, files, application software File management tasks – deleting, etc.
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Software Overview Application software Not essential to system running Enables you to perform specific tasks Ex: Office software Web browsers Media players Games
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Keyboard
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Keyboard Specifics CapsLock and Shift NumLock and numeric keypad Esc Editing and navigation keys insert, delete, home, end, page up, page down Function keys Ctrl, Alt PrintScreen
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Mouse: operations & buttons Click – left button Click and drag Shift-click, Ctrl-click Double click Triple click Right click Scroll wheel
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