1. Introduction to Corrections Chapter One

2. Corrections Today 6.7 million adults under supervision (2002)

3. Percentage of sentenced offenders under each type of supervision

4. Prisoners in Federal & State Prisons/Jails

5. Corrections Defined “includes all government agencies, facilities, programs, personnel, and techniques concerned with the intake, custody, confinement, supervision, or treatment, or pre- sentencing or pre-disposition investigation of alleged or adjudicated adult offenders, delinquents, or status offenders.”

6. Current Trends Increasing numbers of adults in correctional programs

7. Current Trends Expected to go to prison during their lifetime (if current rates do not change): Women: numbers have increased 42 percent (vs. 27% for men) between 1995 and 2002

8. Punishment Philosophies

9. Retribution The belief that punishment must retaliate for a harm or wrong to another.

10. Deterrence Certain and severe punishment can discourage future crime by the offender and by others.

11. Rehabilitation Providing psychological or education assistance or job training to offenders makes them less likely to engage in future criminality.

12. Incapacitation Separating offenders from the community to reduce the opportunity for further crime while they are incarcerated.

13. Other philosophies Isolation: Reintegration: Restitution: Restoration:

14. The Outlook Current Mood: punish, punish, punish –Policymakers/Politicians:

15. The Outlook

16. The Costs of Housing annual cost per person

17. The Costs of Construction cost per bed

18. Criminological Theories A quick recap

19. Criminological Theory Biological: IQ: Psychological:

20. Criminological Theory Rational Choice: Social disorganization: Differential Association (Shaw & McKay):

21. Criminological Theory Social control: Anomie/Strain:

22. Correctional Programs

23. Community-based programs Intermediate Sanction programs

24. Correctional Programs Institutional-placement programs