1. FOCUS ON PERSUASION What do you need to be persuasive?

2. WHAT IS PERSUASION? Persuasion is used to influence how someone thinks, feels, acts, and makes decisions in relation to a particular issue, idea, or proposal. It can be based in both fact AND opinion.

3. TYPES OF PERSUASIVE TEXTS Newspaper articles Speeches Advertisements such as billboards, magazine ads, commercials, etc. These all try to convince people of something.

4. ELEMENTS OF PERSUASION Factual Claim - A statement that can be verified or proven. Examples: Statistics, specific examples, anecdotes Opinion - A personal view, personal judgment, or a subjective statement. Example: I think we should attend school year round. Commonplace Assertion - A statement that a number of people believe to be true. Example: Milk is good for you.

5. LET’S PRACTICE! Read the paragraph below and find the commonplace assertion. Great White Sharks by Peter Benchley

6. LET’S PRACTICE! Read to find factual claim(s) that dispute the commonplace assertion. Great White Sharks by Peter Benchley

7. IN ORDER TO PERSUADE…. Sometimes authors use something called a FALLACY What is a fallacy? A fallacy is an error in logic – in other words…a place where someone has made a mistake in his thinking. Ex. “A cloud is 90% water. A watermelon is 90% water. Therefore, since a plane can fly through a cloud, a plane can fly through a watermelon.”

8. RHETORICAL FALLACIES Ad Hominem- the author attacks the character of a person rather than the content of his or her argument Categorical Claim- places an idea, thing, or action into a category to which it does not necessarily belong Exaggeration- an overstatement Stereotyping- unfairly suggesting all members of a group are exactly the same

9. AD HOMINEM “We must dismiss the conclusion of Ms. Smith’s argument because I don’t like her outfit. That must mean Ms. Smith is a liar and a thief!”

10. AD HOMINEM “Einstein couldn't have been right about Relativity...just look at the way he combs his hair!”

11. CATEGORICAL CLAIM Perform the task of telling how one type of thing or action relates to another. All flowers are things of beauty. Every flower is a thing of beauty. Only things of beauty can be flowers. It is necessary for a flower to be a thing of beauty.

12. EXAGGERATION

13. STEREOTYPING “All pit bulls should be put to sleep. They are dangerous dogs.”

14. LIST Brainstorm a list of examples you have seen on television, Facebook, Twitter, or in other types of media. Ad HominemExaggerationStereotyping

15. LET’S PRACTICE! What type of fallacy does this image represent?

16. LET’S PRACTICE! What type of fallacy do you see in this selection? Ad Hominem Ad Hominem Categorical Claim Categorical Claim Exaggeration Exaggeration Stereotyping Stereotyping Support your answer with evidence? Town Boy Is a HERO! On Tuesday, Sam Parks, a student at Sunny View Intermediate, was riding his bike home from school without a care in the world when he became the hero of the day. Mrs. Lin’s cat Falco was stranded at the top of her giant fence. The cat was meowing and screaming like an injured lion. Sam could not ignore its screams and without a thought for himself, Sam scaled the fence in one leap and carried the cat to safety. Mrs. Lin thankfully hugged Sam as the cat gazed up at Sam in awe and appreciation. “That boy is a true hero,” said Mrs. Lin. “Without his help, my Falco would have been stuck on that fence until next winter.”

17. LET’S PRACTICE! What type of fallacy does this advertisement represent?

18. TYPES OF APPEALS: ETHOS, PATHOS, LOGOS ETHOS – (Ego) Ethical Appeal that seeks to persuade audience because of qualifications or status. Example – Celebrities, doctors (Dr. Oz) PATHOS – Emotional appeal to the audience. Makes them feel a desired emotion. Example – SPCA commercials LOGOS – Appeals to the logic of the audience. Stresses validity because of “common sense.” Example – “That makes sense.”

19. EXPLICIT MESSAGE Very specific, clear, detailed, leaves little room for interpretation. Refers to information that is specifically conveyed in written or spoken language. Example: Mrs. Watson is always right!

20. IMPLICIT MESSAGE Uses visuals, body language, etc. to communicate meaning rather than saying what they mean. Examples:

21. Describe a time when someone has persuaded you to do something. What type of persuasive appeal did they use in order to persuade you to do what they wanted you to do? EXIT TICKET