1. Laboratory safety rules Dalia Kamal Eldien Mohammed Practical NO (1)

5. Personal safety  Never eat, drink, or smoke in the laboratory.  Wear safety glasses or face shields when working with hazardous materials and/or equipment.  Wear gloves when using any hazardous or toxic agent.  Wear closed shoes, open shoes and sandals should not be worn in the lab at any time.  If you have long hair or loose clothes, make sure it is tied back or confined.  Wash hands before leaving the lab.  Coats should be hung in the hall or placed in a locker  If you cut yourself, spill a chemical on yourself, or receive a burn by touching a hot object, run cold water over the affected area.

6.  Keep the work area clear of all materials except those needed for your work.  Extra books, purses, etc. should be kept away from equipment.  Equipment Failure - If a piece of equipment fails while being used, report it immediately to your lab assistant or tutor. Never try to fix the problem yourself.  Never pipette anything by mouth.  Never taste or smell un known substance in the lab  Read labels carefully.  Do not use any equipment unless you are trained and approved as a user by your supervisor. Safety rules

7.  Do not perform experiments unless instructed by your teacher  Avoid spilling material in the laboratory.  Carry microscopes and other pieces of equipment by both hands  Be sure all gas jets or valves, electrical connections, and water faucets are turned off  Never use broken or chipped glassware.

8.  Keep flammable materials away from open flames.  When heating a substance in a test tube, be careful not to point the mouth of the test tube at another person or yourself.  Disposal - Students are responsible for the proper disposal of used material in the appropriate containers  Clean up your work area before leaving.  Learn the meaning of every safety symbol use in the lab

10. Laboratory symbols

11. Biohazardous waste categories  Biohazardous waste is waste that potentially contains biological agents that may pose risk to the population if released in the environment.  These agents may include bacteria, parasites, mold, viruses and other microorganisms that can harm health or lead to mortality in humans.  There are 4 general categories of biohazardous wastes based on the physical form of the waste.  Each form must be segregated, identified, decontaminated and disposed of in an appropriate manner for the form in order to minimize occupational exposure and environmental release risks.

12.  Biohazardous waste can be generated in many places inside your facility: 1.In pathology laboratories that analyze human or animal cultures for presence of pathogens. 2.In research labs that develop vaccines or study infection agents. 3.In operating/autopsy rooms where infected tissues are removed. 4.In patient rooms during patient care.

13. Types of biohazardous waste  The Biohazardous Waste Categories are:  SOLID BIOHAZARDOUS WASTE (non-sharps)  LIQUID BIOHAZARDOUS WASTE  BIOHAZARDOUS SHARPS  PATHOLOGICAL WASTE

14. Solid Biohazardous Waste  These items include, but are not limited to petri dishes, pipettes, personal protective equipment, towels and linens and any sort of dishes and containers.  This type of waste should be collected in a designated container with a lid that is lined with an autocalve bag and marked with the biohazard symbol.  Solid biohazardous waste can be decontaminated on site through autoclaving and disposed as regular medical waste through an approved landfill.

15. Liquid biohazardous waste  consists mainly of blood and body fluids that could be contaminated with infectious agents.  If the amount of liquid is less than 25 mls, it can generally be considered and disposed of as solid biohazardous waste.  All liquid biohazardous waste must be collected in leak- proof containers that are secured against tipping over and are labeled as biohazard.  As an additional security measure, the primary liquid containers can be placed in a secondary vessel, such as a tray or a bucket.  Most liquid waste can be disposed of by either chemical treatment with bleach or autoclaving on the liquid cycle.

16. Sharp biohazardous waste  Is any medical device that is sharp enough to puncture skin and that had been in contact with potentially infectious biological material. Sharps include things like scalpels, needles, microscope slides, saw blades, broken glass vials, etc.  There are containers specifically designated for collecting sharps. They are designed to be resistant to puncture, leak-proof and safe to handle.  Contaminated sharps are picked up and disposed of by your local medical waste contractor

17. Disposal container for the sharps waste

18. Pathological waste  Includes removed human (or animal) organs, tissues and body parts that have been exposed to infectious agents.  To prevent potential leaks, pathological waste should be double-bagged and stored similar to liquid waste in secondary containers.  It is commonly disposed of through incineration or chemical treatment, but not autoclaving.