1. The audio narrations of these slides have been transcribed verbatim and can be downloaded from http://www.anat.sunysb.edu/HBA531/Embryology/ Embryology of the Branchial Region

2. stomodeum aorta pharynx brain 4 weeksnotochord Jack Stern 2003

3. 4 weeks stomodeum branchial arches heart modified from Moore KL 1982 The Developing Human

4. Jack Stern 2003

6. 1st aortic arch ruptured oropharyngeal membrane coelom pharynxbrain neural crest notochord Jack Stern 2003

8. pharynx 1st aortic arch Jack Stern 2003

9. Jack Stern 2015 lots of growth

10. neck Jack Stern 215Jack Stern 2015

11. ectomesenchyme Jack Stern 2015

12. Things Neural Crest Becomes 1.The front 2/3 of the skull, the connective tissue and tendons of muscles innervated by cranial nerves, nonvertebral skeletal elements in the neck, and most of the connective tissue of the head and neck. 2. All the dorsal root ganglia of the body (and some cells in cranial nerve sensory ganglia). 3. All autonomic ganglia of the body. 4. Adrenal medulla. 7. Schwann cells. 6. Melanocytes. 5. Spiral septum of truncus arteriosus and, maybe, cusps of aortic and pulmonary valves. 8. Those localized regions of the skull, cervical vertebrae, sternum, scapula, and clavicle to which the trapezius and sternocleidomastoid attach; carotid bodies; paraganglia; telencephalic meninges. Jack Stern 2015

13. ectomesenchyme Jack Stern 2015

14. branchial cleft pharyngeal pouch mesodermal core of branchial arch branchial arch Jack Stern 2015

15. 1 234 1 2346 branchial septum aortic arch Jack Stern 2015

16. 1 234 1 2346 branchial septum branchial arch cartilage aortic arch Jack Stern 2015

17. Branchial Arch Cartilage 1st Arch 2nd Arch 3rd Arch 4 th & 6 th Arches (?) Fate Malleus, Incus, Sphenomandibular ligament Stapes, Styloid process, Stylohyoid ligament, Lesser horn of hyoid, Superior portion hyoid body Greater horn of hyoid, most of hyoid body Thyroid, Cricoid, & Arytenoid cartilages Jack Stern 2015

19. right and left 2 nd branchial arches mesodermal core aortic arch mesodermal core Jack Stern 2015

21. branchial cleft branchial septum pharyngeal pouch pharynx Jack Stern 2015

22. This doesn’t happen in amniotes Jack Stern 2015

23. Cranial Paraxial Mesoderm (CPM) Jack Stern 2015

24. CPM lateral plate mesodermal core Jack Stern 2015

25. Eustachian tube & middle ear cavity eardrum external auditory meatus Jack Stern 2015

26. Jack Stern 2003

27. palatine tonsil Jack Stern 2003

30. Through 3 rd pouch Jack Stern 2003

31. dorsal clump ventral clump pharynx Jack Stern 2003

35. opercular process epipericardial ridge Jack Stern 2003 1 234 6

37. opercular process Jack Stern 2003

38. cervical sinus Jack Stern 2003

40. cervical sinus Jack Stern 2003

44. Anomalies Associated with Opercular Process, Cervical Sinus, and Branchial Septa Jack Stern 2003

45. branchial cyst Jack Stern 2003

46. external branchial sinus Jack Stern 2003

47. internal branchial sinus Jack Stern 2003

48. branchial fistula Jack Stern 2003

49. derived from pharyngeal pouch III derived from pharyngeal pouch IV Jack Stern 2003

51. dorsal clump ventral clump cross section through III or IV Jack Stern 2003

52. non lymphoid part of thymus C-cells of thyroid ? parathyroid IV parathyroid III 1 2 3 4 6 Jack Stern 2003

53. median tongue bud 1 2 3 4 6 Jack Stern 2009

54. median tongue bud 1 2 3 4 6 Jack Stern 2003

55. median tongue bud lateral tongue bud lateral tongue bud 1 1 pharynx Jack Stern 2003

56. thyroid diverticulum 1 2 3 4 6 Jack Stern 2003

57. thyroid diverticulum 1 2 3 4 6 Jack Stern 2003

58. 22 thyroid diverticulum pharynx Jack Stern 2003

59. copula epiglottis hypobranchial eminence 1 2 3 4 6 Jack Stern 2003

60. copula epiglottis hypobranchial eminence 1 2 3 4 6 Jack Stern 2003

61. 3 or 4 copula or epiglottis pharynx Jack Stern 2003

62. laryngotracheal diverticulum 1 2 3 4 6 Jack Stern 2003

63. 6 6 laryngotracheal diverticulum pharynx Jack Stern 2003

64. median tongue bud lateral tongue bud thyroid diverticulum copulaepiglottis laryngotracheal diverticulum lateral tongue bud Jack Stern 2003

65. median tongue bud lateral tongue bud thyroid diverticulum copulaepiglottis laryngotracheal diverticulum lateral tongue bud Jack Stern 2003

66. median tongue bud lateral tongue bud lateral tongue bud 1 1 Jack Stern 2003

68. median septum of tongue Jack Stern 2003

69. anterior two-thirds of tongue (from lateral tongue buds) 1 2 3 4 6 Jack Stern 2003

70. posterior one-third of tongue (from copula) epiglottis foramen cecum 1 2 3 4 6 Jack Stern 2003

71. lung buds 1 2 3 4 6 thyroid diverticulum Jack Stern 2003

72. 1 2 3 4 6 Jack Stern 2003 thyroid diverticulum continues its growth caudally

73. 1 2 3 4 6 Jack Stern 2003 tip of thyroid diverticulum reaches position anterior to future trachea

74. 1 2 3 4 6 Jack Stern 2003

75. tip of thyroid diverticulum Jack Stern 2003

78. lobe isthmus thyroglossal duct Jack Stern 2003

79. thyroglossal duct thyroid gland 1 2 3 4 6 Jack Stern 2003

81. parathyroid III parathyroid IV non lymphoid part of thymus C-cells of thyroid ? 1 2 3 4 6 Jack Stern 2003

82. parathyroid III parathyroid IV thymus stuff 1 2 3 4 6 Jack Stern 2003

83. 1 2 3 4 6 Jack Stern 2003

84. thymus inferior parathyroid superior parathyroid 1 2 3 4 6 Jack Stern 2003

85. thyroglossal duct degenerates Jack Stern 2003

86. lobe isthmus Jack Stern 2003 Most Common Definitive Thyroid Gland

87. foramen cecum thyroid 1 2 3 4 6 Jack Stern 2003

88. What can go wrong with thyroid? 1 2 3 4 6 Jack Stern 2003

89. pyramidal lobe Jack Stern 2003

90. hyoid bone thyroglossal ligament Normal Variant Jack Stern 2003

91. thyroglossal (duct) cyst Jack Stern 2003

92. Be sure to read the Clinical Correlation Notes document concerning what can go wrong with parathyroid development, tongue development, and neural crest migration. Jack Stern 2003 http://www.anat.sunysb.edu/HBA531/Embryology/