1. DNA The Discovery of DNA

2. Griffith and Transformation: Transformation: One strain of bacteria (harmless) had changed into disease-causing strain Meant gene with info was transferred from heat- killed into live cells

3. The Discovery of DNA Avery tried to break down the heat-killed bacteria with enzyme that would usually break up DNA, but it didn’t Avery concluded that DNA is nucleic acid that stores and transmits the genetic info from 1 generation to another

4. The Discovery of DNA Hershey and Chase Experiment: Studied bacteriophages (viruses) “bacteria eaters” made of DNA/RNA and protein coat Bacteriophages inject DNA into bacteria, the viral genes act to produce many new bacteriophages and burst of out cell Conclusion: using radioactive markers, genetic material of bacteriophage was DNA not protein Don’t copy

5. The Structure of DNA DNA is molecule made of nucleotides Nucleotides made of 3 parts: 5 Carbon sugar called Deoxyribose Phosphate group Nitrogenous Base Point out nucleotides for DNA activity on papers

6. The Structure of DNA Purines (2 rings) Adenine Guanine 4 Nitrogenous Bases: Pyrimidines (1 ring) Cytosine Thymine

7. The Double Helix Watson and Crick’s model of DNA was a double helix, where two strands were wound around each other They discovered that hydrogen bonds could form between certain nitrogenous bases and provide enough force to hold 2 strands together Base-pairing: Andenine=Thymine Guanine=Cytosine Remember: Tits=Ass Good=Candy

8. DNA vs RNA DNA (Deoxyribose Nucleic Acid) Double Stranded Nucleotides include: Adenine, Guanine, Cytosine, Thymine DNA is “read” to make RNA RNA (RiboNucleic Acid) Single Stranded Nucleotides include: Adenine, Guanine, Cytosine, Uracil RNA is “read” to make proteins

12. Elements www.animationfactory.com