1. a way to learn about the world.

2. Social Studies

3. The study of the past with the help of written records

4. History

5. Beliefs, customs, and ways of living that groups of people share.

6. Culture

7. The study of the way in which people produce and exchange goods.

8. Economics

9. People or groups of people that have the authority to make and enforce laws

10. Government

11. The study of people, places, environments, and resources of an area. There are five themes: location, human environmental interaction, region, place and movement

12. Geography

13. Describes a place by it nearness to other areas (relative location) or by its longitude and latitude (absolute location)

14. Location

15. Describes a place in terms of the environment’s effects on humans who live there and how they effect the environment.

16. Human Environmental Interaction

17. Describes a place in terms of its shared characteristics.

18. Region

19. Describes a place in terms of its physical (land and climate) and human (culture and government) characteristics

20. Place

21. The transfer of people, places, goods, and ideas from one place to another.

22. Movement

23. Lines that run north and south and measure east and west of the Prime Meridian

24. Longitude

25. Lines that run east to west and measure north and south of the Equator

26. Latitude

27. 0 degrees latitude

28. Equator

29. 0 degrees longitude

30. Prime Meridian

31. This was the first permanent civilization

32. Mesopotamia

33. Pharaohs ruled this ancient civilization

34. Egypt

35. This ancient civilization’s social system was the caste system.

36. Indus Valley

37. This civilization had Dynasties rule them for centuries

38. Chinese

39. Founded a direct democracy

40. Ancient Greece

41. A government in which representatives, elected by the citizens of the country rule the country.

42. Democratic Republic

43. A government in which one individual, usually a military leader rules the country

44. Dictatorship

45. A government in which royalty, such as a King or Prince rules the country

46. Monarchy

47. A government in which small groups of individuals, often military rule the country.

48. Oligarchy

49. A government in which the Communist Party rules the country, with the goal of distributing wealth among its people.

50. Communism

51. The complete absence of a functioning government

52. Anarchy

53. An economy in which the government determines what people may own, buy, sell and trade; the government may even own all of the property and business itself.

54. Command Economy

55. An economy in which people may own, buy, sell, and trade goods and services based on the principle of supply and demand

56. Market Economy

57. An economy that mixes elements of market and command economies.

58. Mixed Economy

59. An economy in which there is no money, and people barter for all goods and services; this is only seen in very small isolated groups of indigenous people.

60. Traditional Economy

61. A particular system of faith and worship

62. Religion

63. Belief in one god

64. Monotheism

65. Belief in many gods

66. Polytheism

67. Monotheistic religion whose holy book is the Torah and its first followers were Ancient Hebrews

68. Judaism

69. Monotheistic religion based on the teachings of Mohammed

70. Islam

71. Religion based on the teachings of Siddhartha Gautama

72. Buddhism

73. The oldest religion in the world

74. Hinduism

75. Monotheistic religion based on the teachings of Jesus Christ

76. Christianity

77. Period in European history traditionally dated from the fall of the Roman Empire to the dawn of the Renaissance.

78. Middle Ages

79. The revival of European art and literature under the influence of classical models in the 14 th -16 th centuries

80. Renaissance

81. Another word for farming

82. Agriculture

83. This is a group of countries or regions with different and varied language and cultural characteristics that are all ruled by one supreme government ; typically in history this supreme government took to the form of the monarchy. Ancient Rome and China are examples of this.

84. Empire

85. He inspired Columbus with his book about his travels to China

86. Marco Polo

87. Trade route from Western Europe to China/India.

88. Silk Road

89. The three G’s for Exploration

90. Gold, Glory, God

91. Created a school for navigation in Portugal

92. Prince Henry the Navigator

93. Sailed around the Southern tip of Africa and proved that a sea route to the Indian Ocean existed.

94. Bartolome Dias

95. Founded a direct sea route to India.

96. Vasco da Gama

97. This was to keep Spain and Portugal from going to war. Also known as the Line of Demarcation.

98. Treaty of Tordesillas

99. First to circumnavigate the globe, it was actually his crew

100. Ferdinand Magellan

101. Owned by the Netherlands, its purpose was to establish and control trade in Asia

102. Dutch East India Company

103. These companies had the power to mint money, trade and create armies in Asia.

104. East India Companies

105. Colonies are made for the benefit of the mother country

106. Mercantilism

107. A country or area under the full or partial political control of another country, typically a distant one, and occupied by settlers from that country

108. Colony

109. People native to an area

110. Indigenous People

111. He believed he reached Asia until the day he died. However, he actually sparked interest in exploring the Western Hemisphere

112. Christopher Columbus

113. Was not authorized to explore or conquer the Aztecs. He was successful because he made allies with the enemies of the Aztecs.

114. Hernan Cortes

115. He conquered the Incan Empire and had its leader held for ransom.

116. Francisco Pizarro

117. He was against the encomienda system. He pushed for equality and integration between the Spanish and Indigenous peoples of South America

118. Bartolome de las Casas

119. This was the ship voyage across the Atlantic Ocean for slaves

120. Middle Passage

121. The first successful English colony in North America

122. Jamestown

123. This colony in Roanoke disappeared.

124. Lost Colony

125. In Spain this economic system establish in the Spanish colonies of the New World, used the indigenous people of the Americas as slaves for free labor. In exchange, they were forced to learn Spanish and Christianity

126. Encomienda System

127. South Americans of European and South American descent

128. Mestizos

129. South Americans of European and African descent

130. Mulattos