1. American Education By Bi Jiqin

2. 2016-2-222 Main points  1. A brief survey of the history  2. American education today  3. Some famous universities  4. Assignment

3. 2016-2-223 1. A brief survey of the history  1. The early 17 th century. The puritans.  two practices that still influence American youth: compulsory education and public taxation for schools.  2. After 1776.  the 10 th Amendment.  3. Learning to be world  citizen

4. 2016-2-224 2. American education today  The goal: is and has been since the early decades of the republic — to achieve universal literacy and to provide individuals with the knowledge and skills necessary to promote both their own individual welfare as well as that of the general public.

5. 2016-2-225 2. American education today cont.  about 85% elementary and high schools in public schools free of charge neighborhood schools co-educational most locally controlled (Board of Education) secular  private schools (parochial & secular) Pay special attendance fee

6. 2016-2-226 2. American education today cont.  Primary(or elementary) school  American children start school at the age of five years. The first year at school is called kindergarten. It is required of all American children enrolled in the American education system. The second year at school is considered the first year of primary school and is referred to as first grade. Primary school most commonly consists of five years of education, referred to as first through fifth grades.

7. 2016-2-227 2. American education today cont.  Secondary school  Upon completion of fifth grade (the last year of primary school), American children enrolled in the American education system advance to secondary school. Secondary school most commonly consists of a total of seven years, referred to as sixth through twelfth grades.

8. 2016-2-228 2. American education today cont.  The ninth through twelfth grades are most commonly referred to as high school. Upon completion of twelfth grade, American students are awarded a certificate called the high school diploma. In the American education system, students must have obtained a high school diploma before they are admitted into college or university.  Junior high school and senior high school  No national curriculum, but certain subjects still taught.(compulsory and elective )

9. 2016-2-229 2. American education today cont.  Undergraduate school

10. 2016-2-2210 2. American education today cont.  These are schools that offer either a two-year degree (called an associate degree) or a four-year degree (called a bachelors degree) in a specific course of study. That course of study is called the major. While most schools that offer a four-year degree will admit students who have not yet chosen a major, all students are required to select (or declare) a major by their second year at school. Students who complete an associate degree can continue their education at a four-year school and eventually complete a bachelor degree.

11. 2016-2-2211 2. American education today cont.  The basis to be chosen:  The high school records; recommendation from their high school teachers; the impression they make during interviews at the university; their scores on the Scholastic Aptitude Test (SATs)

12. 2016-2-2212 2. American education today cont.  Graduate school  Students who have obtained a bachelor ’ s degree can continue their education by pursuing one of two types of degrees.

13. 2016-2-2213 2. American education today cont.  The first is a master ’ s degree. This is usually a two-year degree that is highly specialized in a specific field. Students are sometimes admitted to a master ’ s degree program only if they have a bachelor ’ s degree in a closely related field.

14. 2016-2-2214 2. American education today cont.  Students who want to advance their education even further in a specific field can pursue a doctorate degree, also called a PhD. A PhD degree can take between three and six years to complete, depending on the course of study chosen, the ability of the student, and the thesis that the student has selected. The thesis is a very intensive research paper that must be completed prior to earning the degree. It is always required of students pursuing a PhD, and may sometimes be required of students pursuing a master ’ s degree (depending on the school).

15. 2016-2-2215 Education for all  Education for all  GI bill of rights  women in higher education  racial segregation  affirmative action programs.

16. 2016-2-2216 3. Some famous universities  The factors determining whether an institution is one of the best:  Quality of teaching faculty; quality of research facilities; amount of funding available for libraries, special programs; the competence and number of applicants for admission

17. 2016-2-2217 Some famous universities cont.  the ranking of national university(in 2005)  Harvard University( 马萨诸塞州 ) 哈佛大学  Princeton University( 新泽西州 ) 普林斯顿大学  Yale University( 康涅狄格州 ) 耶鲁大学  Massachusetts Inst. of Technology 麻省理工学院  California Institute of Technology 加州理工学院  Duke University( 北卡罗来纳州 ) 杜克大学  Stanford University( 加利福尼亚州 ) 美国斯坦福大学  University of Pennsylvania 宾夕法尼亚大学  Dartmouth College( 新罕布什尔州 ) 达特茅斯学院  Washington University in St.Louis 华盛顿大学  Columbia University( 纽约州 ) 哥伦比亚大学  Northwestern University( 伊利诺伊州 )

18. 2016-2-2218 Harvard University

20. Catharine Drew Gilpin Faust

21. 2016-2-2221 A message from the President  Hello, and welcome to Harvard. People make a university great, so whether you are a prospective student, current student, professor, researcher, staff member, graduate, parent, neighbor, or visitor, your interest and enthusiasm are valued and appreciated.  As a historian, I am proud to lead an institution with such a rich and storied past. Harvard began in colonial days with a handful of students, little property and limited power and prestige, but a determined mission: “ To advance Learning and perpetuate it to Posterity, ” as a 1643 brochure put it.

22. 2016-2-2222 A message from the President  That bold vision has guided Harvard for the past four centuries and made it the world-leading center of discovery and learning that it is today. It is our collective efforts, however, that today make this university such a vibrant place to live, to learn, to work, and to explore. No matter what your reason for visiting, we ’ re glad you came and I hope you will make the most of your time here.

23. 2016-2-2223 M.I.T.

24. 2016-2-2224 M.I.T.

25. 2016-2-2225 Ivy League  An association of eight universities and colleges in the northeast United States, comprising Brown, Columbia, Cornell, Dartmouth, Harvard, Princeton, the University of Pennsylvania, and Yale.  So called because of the ivy that covers the older college buildings

26. 2016-2-2226 4. Assignment  1. Review the main points in this chapter  2. Make a comparison between American education and British education.  3. Preview Unit 9

27. 2016-2-2227 The end of the presentation Thank you