1. Modern Computer Architecture II Unit 4B

2. Premise of a Computer Start with data Process the data in some way Give the results to a human

3. Today we have… Dominance of Personal Computers and personal computing devices Laptops, Notebooks, Smartphones, iWatch networked together… using the CLIENT-SERVER paradigm

4. Components of a Modern Computer Input devices Processor Main Memory Software Output devices Storage devices Communications devices BIOS BIOS Settings Which device to load operating system from? Which operating system to load? Test Main Memory at startup? How to allocate Memory? Other basic setup information

5. Input devices Processor Main Memory Software Output devices Storage devices Communications devices Operating System Manages the selection, loading, and operation of the application programs and their interface with the external devices. The design of the circuitry in the processor determines WHICH operating systems can be run on that processor. Components of a Modern Computer

6. Input devices Processor Main Memory Software Output devices Storage devices Communications devices Examples of operating systems: DOS CP/M LINUX Windows (XP, Windows 7, 8.1, 10) Mac OS X GNU z/TPF DEC VMS HP UX Android Apple iOS Blackberry OS Palm OS Components of a Modern Computer

7. Input devices Processor Main Memory Software Output devices Storage devices Communications devices Application Software Components of a Modern Computer

8. Input devices Processor Main Memory Software Output devices Storage devices Communications devices Components of a Modern Computer Examples of application software: Microsoft Word Microsoft PowerPoint, Excel, etc. Open Office TurboTax Quickbooks Photoshop Rosetta Stone Video editors SPSS statistical package Visio Skype Solitaire

9. Input devices Processor Main Memory Software Output devices Storage devices Communications devices Application Software Components of a Modern Computer Utility Software

10. Input devices Processor Main Memory Software Output devices Storage devices Communications devices Components of a Modern Computer Examples of Utility Software: Anti-Virus applications Anti-Malware Disk cleanup tools Accessories – calculators, etc. Sound players Video players

11. Input devices Processor Main Memory Software Output devices Storage devices Communications devices Application Software Components of a Modern Computer Utility Software Browsers Add-Ins or Plug- Ins

12. Input devices Processor Main Memory Software Output devices Storage devices Communications devices Components of a Modern Computer

13. Input devices Processor Main Memory Software Output devices Storage devices Communications devices Components of a Modern Computer

14. Input devices Processor Main Memory Software Output devices Storage devices Communications devices Components of a Modern Computer

15. Input devices Processor Main Memory Software Output devices Storage devices Communications devices Components of a Modern Computer

16. Input devices Processor Main Memory Software Output devices Storage devices Communications devices Components of a Modern Computer

17. Input devices Processor Main Memory Software Output devices Storage devices Communications devices Operating System Manages the selection, loading, and operation of the application programs and their interface with the external devices. Components of a Modern Computer

18. Input devices Processor Main Memory Software Output devices Storage devices Communications devices Operating System Manages the selection, loading, and operation of the application programs and their interface with the external devices. Components of a Modern Computer

19. Input devices Processor Main Memory Software Output devices Storage devices Communications devices Operating System Manages the selection, loading, and operation of the application programs … Components of a Modern Computer

20. Input devices Processor Main Memory Software Output devices Storage devices Communications devices Operating System Manages the selection, loading, and operation of the application programs … Components of a Modern Computer

21. Input devices Processor Main Memory Software Output devices Storage devices Communications devices Operating System Components of a Modern Computer Operating System Kernal

22. Input devices Processor Main Memory Software Output devices Storage devices Communications devices Operating System Manages the selection, loading, and operation of the application programs and their interface with the external devices. Components of a Modern Computer

23. Input devices Processor Main Memory Software Output devices Storage devices Communications devices Components of a Modern Computer

24. Input devices Processor Main Memory Software Output devices Storage devices Communications devices Device Drivers The software containing instructions which interface the computer’s main processor and operating system with the “computers” in the other devices. The manufacturer of every device provides its own driver for each model it manufacturers for each operating system. Components of a Modern Computer

25. Input devices Processor Main Memory Software Output devices Storage devices Communications devices Device Drivers Components of a Modern Computer Operating System Operating System Kernal

27. BIOS BIOS Settings EEPROM chip -- Electrically Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory CMOS chip -- Complementary Metal–Oxide Semiconductor SRAM – Static Random Access Memory Non-Volatile Memory Volatile Memory

28. Main Memory Capacitor-based DRAM – Dynamic Random Access Memory Volatile Memory

29. Main Memory Capacitor-based DRAM – Dynamic Random Access Memory Volatile Memory Single In-line Memory Module SIMM chip

30. Main Memory DDR SDRAM – Dynamic Random Access Memory Volatile Memory Double-Data Rate Synchronous

32. Processor

33. Most of today’s processors contain a tiny bit of DDR SDRAM directly accessible to the processor without going through the BIOS. This memory is called “Cache” memory. It is a temporary holder of intermediate results and instructions, and speeds up repetitive processing.

36. Input devices Processor Main Memory Software Output devices Storage devices Communications devices Components of a Modern Computer Internal disk drives CD/DVD/BlueRay drives Ethernet card Wi-Fi card Bluetooth card IEEE 1394 (firewire) adapter Keyboard and Mouse Adapters Microphone adapter Video Adapter Audio card and speaker amplifier USB Adapter USB 3 Adapter

37. Input devices Output devices Storage devices Communications devices Components of a Modern Computer Internal disk drives CD/DVD/BlueRay drives Ethernet card Wi-Fi card Bluetooth card IEEE 1394 (firewire) adapter Keyboard and Mouse Adapters Microphone adapter Video Adapter Audio card and speaker amplifier USB Adapter USB 3 Adapter

38. Input devices Output devices Storage devices Communications devices Components of a Modern Computer Internal disk drives CD/DVD/BlueRay drives Ethernet card Wi-Fi card Bluetooth card IEEE 1394 (firewire) adapter Keyboard and Mouse Adapters Microphone adapter Video Adapter Audio card and speaker amplifier USB Adapter USB 3 Adapter

42. Graphics Board / Game Controller

43. Most of today’s video boards contain “Cache” memory. Like CPU cache memory, it speeds up processing by serving as a “holding” area for bits without having through the BIOS or operating system.

44. BIOS SETTINGS OPERATING SYSTEM KERNAL DRIVER OPERATING SYSTEM USER INTERFACE DRIVER APPLI- CATION Main Memory, CPU Boot Drive, Registry File Keyboard and Basic Monitor Thumb Drives, Printers Speakers, Microphones Game Controllers Cash Registers, Bar Code Readers Scanners, Cameras High-Res. Video Monitors Network Cards, Wi-fi Cards APPLI- CATION

45. BIOS OPERATING SYSTEM KERNAL DRIVER OPERATING SYSTEM USER INTERFACE DRIVER APPLI- CATION Keyboard, Mouse USB Adapter APPLI- CATION Thumb Drives, Sound Devices Scanners, Cameras, Outboard disk drives

46. BIOS OPERATING SYSTEM KERNAL DRIVER OPERATING SYSTEM INTERFACE DRIVER APPLI- CATION Keyboard, Mouse USB Adapter APPLI- CATION Thumb Drives, Sound Devices Scanners, Cameras, Outboard disk drives

48. Questions?