2. Site and situation  Site - this is the place where the settlement is located, eg on a hill or in a sheltered valley.  Situation - this describes where the settlement is in relation to other settlements and the features of the surrounding area, eg is the settlement surrounded by forest or is it next to a large city?

3. Early settlements Early settlers often looked for certain features in an area to make life easier:  flat land, to make building easier and safer  local raw materials, eg wood and stone, to build homes  a local water supply for drinking, washing, cooking and transport  dry land, so that people could build on areas that don't flood  a defendable site, eg a hilltop or river bend, to protect from attackers  good farm land with fertile soils, so people could grow crops  shelter, eg to protect from bad weather  transport links, eg a ford or low crossing point of a river

4. Settlement patterns  Land use patterns within urban areas  Towns and cities are often complex but it may be possible to see how some land uses group together in zones.zones  The diagram shows a simple version of a land use pattern that can be identified in some towns and cities, the oldest parts are in the center and the newer parts on the edge.  This is known as urban sprawl  Notes to this point taken from http://www.bbc.co.uk/education/guides/z2dmn39/revision/4

5. Population  We study two parts of population in Geography  1) Population Density and Distribution  2) Population Growth/Measurement

6. Population Density and Distribution  Population density talks about how many people there are in a given area  Distribution talks about where people live and why  In Quebec our density is sparse except in the major cities  Distribution: 1) We mostly live in cities 2) We live near USA border 3) We live near water

7. Measurement/ Growth There are two parts to population Measurement  1) Migration flows Migration= moving from one place to another (immigration = in, emigration=exit)  2) Natural Growth Natural Growth = births minus deaths  If births are higher pop goes up  If Lower pop goes down  Can have negative growth