1. 04 Teknologi Pusat Data Data Center Design Best Practice
Ida Nurhaida, ST., MT.
FASILKOM
Teknik Informatika

2. Tier Ratings: Redundancy in Data Center

3. Basic Power Distribution System
Since 2003, the increasing acceptance and deployment of blade and 1U (single rack unit) servers are resulting in a power consumption density at the cabinet level
Data center energy consumption doubled from 2000 to 2006, reaching more than 60 billion kilowatt hours per year. That number could double again by 2011.
SOURCE: U.S. Department of Energy
Basic Power Distribution System
Power and thermal densities increase at the cabinet level…
Requires management and monitoring of environmental and component operation on the cabinet level…

4. Power Cables & Accessories
Data centers typically require 35 to 250 watts per square foot of floor space.
Classify the facility into Tiers (I through IV) using the guidelines given in Annex G.5 of ANSI/TIA/EIA-942.

5. Power: Accessories Array of components for electric power:
Transformers, switchgear, service-entrance panels, breakers, distribution panels, emergency backup generators, automatic transfer switches, batteries, control panels, wire and cable, junction boxes, plugs, receptacles, etc.
Raceways and/or cable trays:
metallic and non-metallic versions of rigid conduit, electrical metallic tubing (EMT), electrical non-metallic tubing (ENT), wire-way, surface raceway, flexible metal conduit and liquid tight flexible conduit
The requirements and uses depends on the appropriate governing body & its territory.
United States, NEC as well as any applicable state or local codes
Europe, the CENELEC EN50174 standards
Canada, the Canadian Electrical Code (CSA C22.1)
Philippines, The Philippine Building Code and Standards for Electrical

6. Power: Energy Efficiency & Environmental Considerations
High-voltage DC power
• % more efficient than A/C conversion*
• Reduces fossil fuel consumption
Cable plant media and design
• Increases air flow
• Improves cooling efficiency
Equipment layout
• Promotes thermal management and cooling efficiency
Deployment
• Reduces waste at the job site
• Improves construction efficiency
Monitoring / Management
• Environmental: Improves operational efficiencies
• Infrastructure: Asset utilization, business resiliency, security
Alternative Power
• Solar
• Wind
• Fuel cells
* Source: Lawrence Livermore Lab

7. Cooling System CHALLENGE…
A full cabinet of blade servers will consume over 20 kW of power and produce over 20 kW of heat
SOURCE: Anixter, Intro to Data Center)
MUST!
Gain control of excess heat
HOW?
Reconfigure the cabinet layout into a hot aisle/cold aisle arrangement

8. Cooling Airflow Design Types
Non-Raised-Floor Design
Raised-Floor Design

9. Hot Aisle - Cold Aisle
Data cables are generally placed in the hot aisles, while
The power cables can be installed in cold aisles

11. Hot & Cold Equipment Aisles
Recommendations for cabinet alignment to be congruent with the edges of raised floor tiles
FRONT: The standard calls for aisles with a minimum of 3 ft. (0.91 m) of front access but 4 ft. (1.22 m) are recommended
REAR: A minimum space of 2 ft. (0.61 m) at the rear should be maintained with 3 ft. (0.91 m) suggested
If floor tiles are to be cut for additional airflow, ANSI/TIA/EIA-942 has a recommended approach designed to protect cabling infrastructure components and improve equipment access while at the same time maximizing cooling effects.

12. Power cables in trays below the cool aisles
Maximizing Cooling Effects
FRONT
Minimum of 3 ft. (0.91 m)
Recommended: 4 ft. (1.22 m)
REAR
Minimum of 2 ft. (0.61 m)
Recommended: 3 ft. (0.91 m)
Power cables in trays below the cool aisles

13. Facts & Realities…
Availability and longevity of data centers can be compromised by several factors such as fire, floods, tsunami, vandalism or even terrorism.
The ANSI/TIA/EIA-942 standard provides information regarding the protection of data center assets whether by means of physical security or fire prevention.
It also recognizes the importance of providing manageable access control to data center facilities and monitoring of who is there and who is doing what
The informative “Annex G” of the ANSI/TIA/EIA-942 standard lists many guidelines and practical suggestions.

14. ANSI/TIA/EIA-942 specifies a normal data center environmental operating range between 68 and 77 degrees Fahrenheit (20-25 degrees Celsius) with a sustained humidity level of 40 to 55 percent.
Any change in the environment should never exceed nine degrees per hour. Humidity control is a key objective for minimizing static charge build-up on equipment and infrastructure.
Reliable electrical ground-reference potential. EN50130, European standard for grounding and bonding
The TIA data center standard addresses security concerns and recommends video surveillance of parking lots, perimeters, support equipment rooms and, the computer room itself.
Door access (e.g., proximity, biometrix, etc.)

15. Backbone (Active Components)
MDA
Main Distribution Area
Core
Backbone (Active Components)
Simplicity: Simple & Cost-effective
Resiliency (No Single-Point-of-Failure, SPoF)
Avoid Congestion (No Single-Point-of- Congestion, SPoC)
Converged & Future Proof
HDA
Horizontal Distribution Area
Distribution
EDA
Equipment Distribution Area
Access

16. Technology Components
Architecture
Network Architecture
Backbone
Hierarchy
Functional Areas
Network Traffic Conduit
1 or 10 Gbps uplinks
Technology Components
Port Density
Required Number of Ports
Energy Efficient Device
Powers IP Camera
Benefits & Advantages
Scalability – network can grow easily because the network is divided into functional areas
Investment Protection – 1 Gbps today, 10 Gbps tomorrow. It does not require the chassis to be replaced, only the transceivers
Business Continuity – continuous operation of computing system in the event of faults, changes, or other challenges to normal operation
Savings – Reduce power consumption, reduce operational expenses.

17. Security: Aspects Adopt Align & Optimize THREATS PEOPLE PROCESS
Anonymous Attacker
Virus Attack
System/Human Error
External Storage Devices
File Transfer via Instant Messenger
Internet
THREATS
Adopt
PEOPLE
Align & Optimize
PROCESS
TECHNOLOGY
Physical Domain
Network Domain
Application Domain
Device Domain
IP Video Surveillance
Door Access (i.e., Proximity card)
Firewall
Intrusion Protection System
Web Protection
Protection
Network Admission Control (NAC)
Host-base Security (i.e., Antivirus)
INFORMATION / DATA

18. Security: Concept Doors Lock Fence Grill Alarms Dog CCTV Guard Sensors
PREVENT
DETECT
RESPOND
Doors
Lock
Fence
Grill
Alarms
CCTV
Sensors
Monitor
Dog
Guard
Police
Weapon

19. Security: Components Firewall/IPX Antivirus Email/Web Protection
Fences
IP Video Surveillance
Network/Performance Monitoring
IP Communication

20. FIRE SAFETY STRATEGY