1. TISSUE INJURIES AKA WOUNDS

2. TISSUE TYPES  Epithelial -- skin protects internal organs regulates body temp (homeostasis)  Connective -- organ framework Soft-adipose & fibrous (ligaments & tendons) Hard-Bone & cartilage

3. TISSUE TYPES  Nerve -- Communication pathway Neurons-carry commands  Muscle -- Contracting fibers (actin & myosin) Skeletal-attach to bone Smooth-organs Cardiac-heart

4. TISSUE PROPERTIES Resistance  Load-single force  Stress-resistance to load  Strain-Internal response/deformation  Yield Point-limit (elastic property)  Mechanical failure-past limit therefore damage has occurred

5. TISSUE STRESSES Mechanisms of Injury  Tension-pulls/stretches  Stretching-beyond limit  Compression-crushes tissue  Shearing-rubbing parallel across tissues  Bending-force causing a bend

6. SOFT TISSUE INJURIES  Open vs. Closed  Abrasion Sliding or skidding on ground Superficial-less bleeding  Laceration Tearing of skin-jagged edge If deep concerned with other tissue damage

7. SOFT TISSUE INJURIES  Puncture Pointed object pierces skin Be ware of infection  Incisions Clean cut usually from a knife If deep concerned with other tissue damage  Avulsions Loss of tissue

8. SOFT TISSUE INJURIES  Calluses Thickened skin due to friction  Blisters Fluid build up under skin due to friction  Bites & Stings Watch for systemic reaction (allergic) Snakes-DO NOT ICE. Will slow down healing

9. SOFT TISSUE INJURIES  Contusion Bruise Severity depends on force & damage  Hematoma Internal damage to tissues causing bleeding Goose egg mass appears Blood blister

10. SOFT TISSUE INJURIES  Skin Infections Tinea Pedis (athlete’s foot)- Fungus Tinea corporis (ringworm) - Fungus Herpes- Virus Papillomavirus (warts) - Virus Impetigo- Bacteria

11. MUSCULAR INJURIES  STRAIN Overstretching or tearing 3 degrees based on severity of tear  MYOSITIS OSSIFICANS Calcium build up due to repeat trauma

12. MUSCULAR INJURIES  TENDONITIS Micro tearing of tendon sheath Inflammation of tendon Repetitive Motion Injury

13. JOINT INJURIES  SPRAIN Overstretching of ligaments  CREPITATION Grating sound heard during movement  JOINT LAXITY Ability of joint to move

14. JOINT INJURIES  Dislocation Separation of joint. All ligaments torn completely  Subluxation Partial dislocation.  Synovitis Inflammation of synovial membrane  Bursitis Inflammation of bursa (fluid filled sac to decrease friction)

15. SKELETAL INJURIES  FRACTURES any “break” in the bone Greenstick-incomplete Closed-simple, complete Open-compound Comminuted-shattered fragments

16. WOUND CARE  Wear Gloves  Prevent infection  Control bleeding  Immobilize injury  Ice  Be Gentle  Refer to M.D.

17. P.R.I.C.E  Protect  Rest  Ice  Compression  Elevation