2. Cell Biology Introduction to cells

3. Learning Intentions By investigating cell structure I can recognise and give the function of a variety of cell organelles in typical plant and animal cells. Success criteria I can state which organelles are present in typical plant and animal cells I can recognise and state the function of the cell wall, chloroplasts, cell membrane, vacuole, nucleus and cytoplasm I can state why cells are stained to be viewed under a microscope

4. Activity One Watch the video “Cells” closelyCells Write down three facts about cells

5. Activity One Complete question one of your summary booklet What is the name given to the basic units of which all living things are made? Cells

6. Animal and Plant Cells Plant and Animal cells

7. Activity One Label the diagram of an animal cell – Nucleus – Cytoplasm – Cell membrane Label the diagram of a plant cell – Nucleus – Cytoplasm – Cell membrane – Chloroplast – Vacuole – Cell wall

8. Animal Cell Cytoplasm Cell membrane Nucleus

9. Plant Cell Cytoplasm Cell membrane Vacuole Chloroplast Cell wall Nucleus

10. Name of Part Is it present in plant cells? Is it present in animal cells? What is the function of this structure? Nucleus Yes Controls cell activities Cytoplasm Yes Where chemical reactions occur Cell membrane Yes Controls what enters and exits the cell Cell wall YesNoGives the cell shape and support Chloroplast SomeNoWhere food is produced by photosynthesis Vacuole YesNoContains sap

11. Activity Two Watch the video “How to use a microscope”“How to use a microscope” Choose one or more of the tissues below to examine under the microscope. – Cheek epithelium – Onion epidermis – Rhubarb /red onion epidermis – Elodea – Yeast – bacteria (bio-slides)

12. Activity Two Collect Microscope Microscope slides, 1 per specimen Cover slips, 1 per specimen Distilled water Teat pipettes Forceps Stains Cotton wool bud (1 per specimen)

13. Making a plant cell slide

14. Activity Two Method Put a drop of Methylene blue stain on a slide. Take a cotton bud and place it against the inside of your mouth. Remove from mouth Dip the end of the cotton bud into the stain and mix Place a cover slip on the drop of stain, lowering it gently using the cotton bud. Observe your cells under a microscope. Using a similar procedure make slides of different cells. Safety Cautions PLACE ALL COTTON BUDS IN WASTE BEAKER. DO NOT HANDLE ANY COTTON BUDS OR SLIDES OTHER THAN YOUR OWN!! BE CAREFUL – METHYLENE BLUE CAN STAIN CLOTHES!! SLIDES ARE MADE FROM THIN GLASS. TAKE CARE WHEN HANDLING

15. Elodea

16. Cheek cells

17. Red onion cells Yeast cells

18. Activity Two Find out the average cell length and breadth 2mm Average cell length 5 cells across 2mm 2/5 = 0.4mm Average cell breadth 10 cells across 2mm 2/10 = 0.2mm

19. Activity Two Explain why animal and plant cells should be stained before examining them with a microscope Because the stain allows the parts of the cell to be seen more clearly

20. Activity Four Watch the video “Types of cells”“Types of cells” Complete the sentence Specialised cells have a certain __________ suited to their ____________. shape function

21. Specialised cells

23. leaf

24. Self Evaluation I can state which organelles are present in typical plant and animal cells I can recognise and state the function of the cell wall, chloroplasts, cell membrane, vacuole, nucleus and cytoplasm I can state why cells are stained to be viewed under a microscope I can state why specialised cells have a different shapes