2. What do YOU know about population?

3.  8000 BC  ~5 million people  1 AD  ~ 200-300 million people  1650  ~ 500 million  1850  ~1 billion  1930  ~2 billion  1975  ~4 billion  1987  ~5 billion

4.  US?~ 314,125,293 ppl  China?~ 1,343,239,923 ppl  World?~ 7.032 BILLION ppl

5. 1. China 2. India 3. USA 4. Indonesia 5. Brazil 6. Pakistan 7. Nigeria 8. Bangladesh 9. Russia 10. Japan

6.  #11 Mexico114,975,406  #18 Iran 78,868,461  #22 UK 63,047,162  #36 Canada* 34,300,083  #60 Kazakhstan 17,522,010  #162 Djibouti* 774,389  #238 Pitcairn Islands 48

8. High Medium Low 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 19501960197019801990200020102020203020402050 High 10.6 Medium 8.9 Low 7.2 Population (billions) Year

9. India USA Indonesia Brazil Pakistan Russia* Bangladesh Japan* Nigeria 1.4 billion 1.1 billion 1.4 billion 294 million 349 million 219 million 308 million 179 million 211 million 159 million 229 million 144 million 137 million 141 million 205 million 128 million 121 million 137 million 206 million © 2004 Brooks/Cole – Thomson Learning China 1.3 billion 2004 2025

10. 600 500 400 300 200 100 190019201940196019802000202020402060 2080 2100 76 292 571 Total population Projections Year Population in millions

11. 47 years 77 years 8% 81% 15% 83% 10% 2% 10% 52% $15 $3 1.2 5.8 1900 2000 Life expectancy Married women working outside the home High school graduates Homes with flush toilets Homes with electricity Living in suburbs Hourly manufacturing job wage (adjusted for inflation) Homicides per 100,000 people

12.  Every year the world population grows by approximately 78 million people!  Estimated that between 60 and 100 billion people have lived on this Earth › Current population is over 7 billion. That is nearly 10% of all people that have ever lived on Earth!

13.  World’s pop is currently growing at an exponential rate of 1.25% a year  Added 80 million people in 2004 › 219,00 people per DAY › 9,100 people per HOUR › Would only take ~3 days to replace the 651,000 Americans killed in all US wars!

14.  Any quantity that grows (or decays) by a fixed percent at regular intervals › Ex: 1 bacteria splits into two daughters which splits into 4 daughters which splits into 8 daughters and so on.

15.  Rate of reproduction is proportional to the existing population and the number of available resources › Carrying capacity (k)

16.  Exponential growth does not factor in outside influences or limitations placed on a population  Logistic growth does because these conditions are important as population sizes grow

17.  Develop ed countries: USA, Canada, Japan, Australia, NZ, most of the EU › Highly industrialized and have higher per capita GDP

18.  Develop ing countries: everyone else, mostly in Africa, Asia, and Latin America › Classified as moderately developed or low-income

19. Developing countries Developed countries Population Population growth Wealth and income Resource use Pollution and waste 19 81 0.1 1.6 8585 15 88 12 75 25 Percent of World’s…

20. Population (2004) Population projected (2025) Infant mortality rate Life expectancy Fertility rate (TFR) %Population under age 15 % Population over age 65 Per capita GNI PPP 294 million 179 million 137 million 349 million 211 million 206 million 6.7 33 100 77 years 71 years 52 years 2.0 2.2 5.7 21% 30% 44% 12% 6% 3% $36,110 $7,450 $800 United States (highly developed) Brazil (moderately developed) Nigeria (less developed) Comparing 3 key demographic indicators in 2004

21.  97% of projected increase in world population will happen in developing nations!

22. World total Developing countries Developed countries 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 2000 2050 2100 Year Projected Population size 2100

23.  What does this mean for the world? For developed nations?

24.  Social, economic, and environmental global changes that make societies increasingly interconnected  Increases in the exchange of people, products, services, money, and ideas across all borders

25.  Information age!  Increases in international trade  Technology allows people to access information and ideas they may not have known about before  Tools?

26.  What issues, if any, may arise from an increasingly connected global community?

27.  Improvement of living standards by economic growth

28.  Increase in a nation’s capacity to provide goods and services to it’s people  REQUIRES: (and/or) › population growth › more production & consumption per person

29.  Measures economic growth  Yearly market value of all goods and services produced by all organizations, foreign or domestic within a country  Measures economic growth

30.  Measures changes in standard of living  per capita GDP = GDP total pop @ mid year

31. Economic Development Good NewsBad News Global life expectancy doubled since 1950 Life expectancy 11 years less in developing countries than in developed countries Food production ahead of population growth since 1978 Harmful environmental effects of agriculture may limit future food production Infant mortality cut in half since 1955 Air and water pollution down in most developed countries since 1970 Number of people living in poverty dropped 6% since 1990 Infant mortality rate in developing countries over 8 times higher than in developed countries Air and water pollution levels in most developing countries too high Half of world’s people trying to live on less than $3 (U.S.) per day Trade-Offs

32.  Studies size, composition, and distribution of human populations  What causes change?  What are the effects of change?

33.  People leaving (death & emigration) – People arriving (birth & immigration)

34.  Immigrants- people moving into an area  Emigrants- people moving out of an area

35.  Legal › Obtain a green card  Temporary Workers › Visas  Illegal › Cross borders without papers  Refugees and Asylum › Political, economic, & environmental

36.  1.8 million (average between 2002 and 2006)  Lawful permanent residents 1.2 million  Illegal residents 500,000 › Most “illegal aliens” come from Europe- “VISA overstays”

37.  Number of live births per 1000 people per year  US= 13.68/ 1000 people (2011)

38. Births per woman < 2 2-2.9 3-3.9 4-4.9 5+ Data not available

39.  Importance of child labor  Cost of raising and educating kids  Availability of pensions  Opportunities available for women  Infant mortality rate

41.  Average age at marriage  Availability of legal abortions  Availability of reliable birth control methods  Religious beliefs, traditions, social norms

43.  Number of deaths per 1000 people per year  US= 8.39/ 1000 people (2011)

44.  Food supplies  Nutrition  Advances in medicine  Sanitation  Clean water supply

45.  Expected to kill 278 million people between 2000 and 2050  53 countries  What could this problem cause among these countries?

46. Average crude birth rateAverage crude death rate World All developed countries All developing countries Developing countries (w/o China) 21 9 11 10 24 8 9 27

47.  Number of children a couple must have to replace themselves  Why would this number be higher in developing countries?

48.  Average number of kids a woman will have during her reproductive years  Higher in developing nations  If TFR falls, what happens to population growth?

50.  Education  Employment opportunities  Family planning  Childcare

51.  Education and medical assistance for families  Helps people decide how many kids and when they should have the kids  Birth spacing, birth control, healthcare for moms

52.  Iran had 4.4% pop growth (one of the world’s highest) before 1989  Gov’t put family planning program in place

53.  Encouraged smaller families, provided free contraception, utilized religious leaders  First country to require couples to take a class on contraception BEFORE they could get a marriage license

54.  Increased female literacy from 25% to 70%  Increased female school enrollment from 60% to 90%  Cut its growth rate down to 1.2%  Reduced average family size from 7 kids to 2.5 kids

55.  Number of babies (per 1,000) who die before their 1 st birthday  Best measure of a society’s level of nutrition and health care

56. Infant deaths per 1,000 live births <10 10-35 36-70 71-100 100+ Data not available

57.  High rates show: › undernutrition › malnutrition › high incidence of infectious disease

58.  US = 5.98 (world = ~43.15)  Should be much lower  3 factors that keep it high › Inadequate health care for mothers › Drug addiction among pregnant women › HIGH TEENAGE BIRTH RATE

59.  Stomach sleeping  Soft sleeping surfaces  Loose bedding  Overheating  Smoking  Bed sharing  Preterm & low birth weight

60.  Average number of years a newborn can be expected to live  US=78.49 years (we’re #50!!!!!) › Males: 76.05 › Females: 81.05  #1 Monaco= 89.63 years  #221 Chad= 48.69 years  World= 69.6 years

61.  DOES NOT include migration!  (Crude Birth Rate- Crude Death Rate) 10 Ex: 19-7 = 1.2% 10

62.  How long does it take for a population to double it’s size if it continues to grow at the same rate?

63. 70 Rate of Natural Increase = # (in years) EXAMPLE: If Nigeria is growing at 2.8% a year, how long will it take to double? 70/2.8%= 25 years

64.  Shows population growth  Organized by age group and sex  4 types of growth › Rapid › Slow › Zero › Negative

65.  What do they tell us?  How can we use this data to project population size?

66. MaleFemaleMaleFemale Ages 0-14Ages 15-44Ages 45-85+

67. MaleFemaleMaleFemale Ages 0-14Ages 15-44Ages 45-85+

68.  Skip #6 & 7  Go to the US Census Bureau  Select your country and 2012 as the year  Look at Demographic Indicators and Tables to find data

70.  What is going on if we have a larger percentage of the population: › In older groups? › In the middle segment? › In younger groups?

71.  As countries industrialize, first the death rates decline, then the birth rates decline  4 stages

72. Pre-Industrial  Little pop growth because of harsh living conditions

73. Transitional Stage  Industrialization begins, food production rises, and health care improves  Death rates drop but birth rates stay high

74.  Why are most countries trapped here?  Little to no skilled workers  Can’t compete in a global economy  Debt to developed countries  Drop in aid monies

75. Industrial Stage  Birth rate drops near level of death rate

76. Postindustrial Stage  ZPG  Negative growth

77.  Strict one-child policy  Couples who pledge to have only 1 kid: › Extra food › Larger pensions and salary bonuses › Better housing › Free medical care › Free tuition for child › Preferential treatment for employment

78.  Unexpected benefits for girls › Increased education › More women in the arts › Increased numbers in engineering fields  Why???

79.  Should the government be able to tell people how many kids they can have?  What policies could the UNITED STATES potentially introduce to reduce our population?

80.  Provide universal access to family planning services and reproductive health care  Improve health care for pregnant women, infants, and children  Develop and implement national pop policies  Improve status of women (educate and employ)

81.  More education (especially for women)  Increase male involvement in childcare responsibilities  Sharply reduce poverty  Reduce unstable patterns of production and consumption