1. The Impact of Sleep Deprivation on High School Academic Performance Diana Akhmetzyanova Georgia College & State University

2. theory Sleep Deprivation- acute or chronic lack of sufficient sleep Sleep Deprivation- acute or chronic lack of sufficient sleep Consequences: Consequences: Health problems Health problems Mood disorders Mood disorders Mental performance Mental performance Question: How is a student’s GPA affected by insufficient amount of sleep? Question: How is a student’s GPA affected by insufficient amount of sleep?

3. Previous literature Link and Ancoli-Israel (1995) students with higher GPA woke up later on school mornings and took fewer naps. Link and Ancoli-Israel (1995) students with higher GPA woke up later on school mornings and took fewer naps. Wolfson and Carscadon (1998) students with higher GPA had more total sleep and earlier bedtimes on school nights. Wolfson and Carscadon (1998) students with higher GPA had more total sleep and earlier bedtimes on school nights. Axelrod, Goebel, and Jaskiel (2012) sleep deprivation has negative effect on academic, athletic, and behavioral aspects of student’s life. Axelrod, Goebel, and Jaskiel (2012) sleep deprivation has negative effect on academic, athletic, and behavioral aspects of student’s life.

4. data National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health Wave One: Cross-sectional data collected during 1994-95 school year among adolescents in grades 7-12 (9-12) in the U.S. Wave One: Cross-sectional data collected during 1994-95 school year among adolescents in grades 7-12 (9-12) in the U.S. Wave Three: Cross-sectional data collected between August 2001 and April 2002 among adolescents 18-24 years old Wave Three: Cross-sectional data collected between August 2001 and April 2002 among adolescents 18-24 years old

5. variables DEMOGRAPHICS SEX HISPANIC AFRICAN AMERICAN NATIVE AMERICAN ASIAN NO DAD DAD WITH COLLEGE DEGREE NO MUM MUM WITH COLLEGE DEGREE INCOME BEHAVIOR SLEEP DEPRIVED SPORT FRIENDS WORKED FOR PAY TOO MUCH TV ALCOHOL WEED COCAINE INHALANT CIGARETTES SCHOOL GPA WANT TO GO TO COLLEGE HAPPY AT SCHOOL SKIP SCHOOL

6. Empirical model GPA i =B 0 + B 1 SD i + B 2 MALE i + B 3 WHITE i +B 4 NO_DAD i +B 5 DAD_COLLEGE i + B 6 NO_MUM i + B 7 MUM_COLLEGE i + B 8 SPORT i + B 9 FRIENDS i +B 10 WANT_T_C i +B 11 HAPPY_A_S i + B 12 WORK_FOR_PAY i + B 13 HH_INCOME i + +B 14 TOO_MUCH_TV i + B 15 SKIP_SCHOOL i + B 16 ALCOHOL i +B 17 WEED i +B 18 COCAINE i + B 19 INHALANT i + B 20 CIGS i +B 19 AFRICAN_AMERICAN i + B 20 NATIVE_AMERICAN i + B 19 ASIAN i + B 20 HISPANIC i + E i

7. Summary statistics VARIABLEMEANSTD. DEV.MINMAX GPA2.68.7904 SLEEP DEPRIVED.13.3401 MALE.46.4901 WHITE.74.4401 HISPANIC.07.2701 AFRICAN AMERICAN.23.4201 NATIVE AMERICAN.04.2201 ASIAN.04.2101 NO DAD.25.4401 DAD COLLEGE.36.4801 NO MUM.03.1801 MUM COLLEGE.46.5101 N=2,206

8. SUMMARY STATISTICS VARIABLEMEANSTD. DEV.MINMAX SPORT.74.4401 FRIENDS.91.2901 WANT COLLEGE.75.4301 HAPPY AT SCHOOL.71.4601 WORK FOR PAY.59.4901 INCOME48.2447.090999 TOO MUCH TV.04.4401 SKIP SCHOOL.22.4101 ALCOHOL.52.4901 WEED.21.4101 COCAINE.02.1401 INHALANT.06.2401 CIGS.15.3601

9. RESULTS VARIABLECOEF.STD. ERRORP-VALUE SLEEP DEPRIVED-.02.080.822 MALE-.32.030.000 HISPANIC-.16.050.003 AFRICAN AMERICAN-.44.040.000 NATIVE AMERICAN-.09.070.208 ASIAN.05.070.523 NO DAD-.03.040.470 DAD COLLEGE.24.040.000 NO MUM-.13.080.114 MUM COLLEGE.23.030.000 SPORT.01.030.738 R 2 =.31

10. results VARIABLECOEF.STD. ERRORP-VALUE FRIENDS -.04.050.438 WANT COLLEGE.30.030.000 HAPPY AT SCHOOL.08.030.016 WORK FOR PAY.04.030.162 INCOME.01.0010.000 TOO MUCH TV.02.070.793 SKIP SCHOOL-.18.040.000 ALCOHOL -.004.030.877 WEED-.17.040.000 COCAINE -.05.100.606 INHALANT -.02.060.743 CIGARETTES-.21.050.000

11. conclusion No statistical evidence that sleeping less than 7 hours during school affects GPA No statistical evidence that sleeping less than 7 hours during school affects GPA Engagement in “bad” behaviors has negative effect on GPA Engagement in “bad” behaviors has negative effect on GPA Weed  -.17 Weed  -.17 Cigarettes  -.21 Cigarettes  -.21 Students with parents who have college degree have higher GPA Students with parents who have college degree have higher GPA Dad College .24 Dad College .24 Mum College .23 Mum College .23

12. limitations Small sample of sleep deprived individuals Small sample of sleep deprived individuals No data on hours of sleep during weekends No data on hours of sleep during weekends Variables “Want to go to college” and “Happy at School” might result in endogeneity bias Variables “Want to go to college” and “Happy at School” might result in endogeneity bias

13. Thank you ! Have a Good Night Sleep!