1. Bellwork Monday On your own, write down what you think each of the following words mean: government, monarchy, aristocracy, oligarchy, and democracy.

2. World History: Week 1 2000 B.C. Ancient Greece and Rome –City states Several types of governments –Monarchy –Aristocracy –Oligarchy –Democracy

3. Monarchy 1 person rule –King –Monarch Hereditary Devine right Example? –Saudi Arabia –England used to

4. Aristocracy Small group rule –Nobles –Land owning families Hereditary rule –Family ties, social rank, wealth Example? –Russia before 1918 –Spain used to

5. Oligarchy Ruled by few powerful people –Merchants –Land owners Based on wealth or ability Controls military Example? –South Africa used to be

6. Democracy Rule by the people Ancient Greek claimed first democracies Athens –Citizens participated in gov’t decision making Adult male residents Yearly, assembly of citizens elected 3 nobles to rule Example? –America

7. Reformers Solon Cleisthenes (called founder of democracy)

8. Reformers Pericles 461-429 B.C. Strengthened democracy –Increased # of paid public officials –Paid jurors Allowed poorer citizens to participate in gov’t Increase participation changed Athens into a direct democracy

9. Direct Democracy Ruled by its citizens Based on citizenship Trial by jury 3 branches of gov’t Majority rule decides vote Laws created directly by citizens –Not using representatives

10. Romans 600 B.C. –Kings ruled 509 B.C. –Aristocracy Set up a republic

11. Republic Power rests with citizens Citizens elect leaders who make decisions –Indirect democracy Twelve Tablets created –Created written law code People could not interpret laws in own way All free citizens had the right to protection of the law and that laws would be fairly administered***

12. Government with separate branches –2 consuls Commanded army Directed the government 1 yr term –Legislative Senate 2 assemblies –During time of crisis: Dictator – leader with absolute power –Make laws –Command the army –6 month term

13. Roman Law Law based on principles of reason and justice Protect citizens and their property Applied to ALL Great influence on western democracy throughout the world***

14. Written legal code significance –Twelve Tables –Code of Justinian: 4 works The Code The Digest The Institutes The Novellae –Became guide on legal matters throughout Western Europe*** –Established idea of “gov’t of laws, not of men” Everybody accountable for actions, even rulers

15. In Summary Rome –Created the idea of a republic –Individual person is a citizen of the state not the subject of a ruler –Written legal code Applied equally and impartially to ALL citizens –Preserved and added to Greece’s idea of democracy and passed on to other civilizations to follow

16. Activity Make a list of Greece and Rome’s contributions to democracy. Which contribution do you feel had the greatest impact on the modern world? Why?

17. Possible Answer Greece –Direct democracy –Trial by jury –Three branches of gov’t Rome –Republic –Written law code –Equal treatment under law –Greatest impact: Rome’s republic because used by most democracies today

18. Day 2 Bellwork Why was the establishment of written legal code so important to the development of the republic?

19. Objectives Explain the contributions Christianity, Judaism, Islam, the Renaissance, and the Reformation had on the ideals of democracy.

20. There are 3 religions that helped shape democratic traditions –Judaism –Christianity –Islam There are 2 major eras that helped shaped democratic traditions as well –Renaissance –Reformation

21. Read pg 12-17, fill in the chart CategoryContribution to democracy Christianity Judaism Islam Renaissance Reformation

22. Read pg 12-17, fill in the chart CategoryContribution to democracy Christianity Christianity emphasized the worth of the individual and equality before God. Judaism Judaism emphasized the worth of the individual and the importance of social conscience. Islam Islam emphasized the dignity of all human beings Renaissance The Renaissance emphasized the worldly, the importance of the individual, and the use of reason. Reformation The Reformation emphasized the importance of the individual in establishing a direct relationship with god; it also questioned the authority of the pope and monarchs.

23. Day 3 Bellwork What impact did the Renaissance and the Reformation have on democratic thinking?

24. Objectives –Trace the events that led to establishment of a constitutional monarchy

25. Day 3 Bellwork What impact did the Renaissance and the Reformation have on democratic thinking? –The Reformation contributed by encouraging people to challenge the authority of monarchs and popes –The Reformation called on people to read and interpret the Bible for themselves which led them to investigate other areas of their lives. –Both places emphasis on the importance of the individual which led to increase political liberty later on.

26. Democracy in England Objectives –Trace the events that led to the establishment of a constitutional monarchy.

27. Reforms Jury trials –Instead of royal Unified under single legal system –Set precedence –Common law – customs of people, not ruler Basis of legal system Magna Carta –Expressed individual rights and liberties of the people –Kings rule according to law

28. Magna Carta –Due process of law King could not punish his subjects on a whim Parliament –National legislature –Limited the power of the monarch –Established principles of representation –Voted on taxes, passed laws, advised on royal policies

29. Monarchs claiming divine right 3 reasons for conflict –1 st reason Religious fight over simplifying the church Too much like Catholic Church –2 nd reason King ignored common law courts –3 rd reason Money –King needed more money –Parliament denied him

30. Parliament overthrows King, Charles I –Limits power of the king –Petition of Right Against all past theories of monarchy –End to taxing without consent –Imprisoning citizens illegally –Housing troops in citizens’ homes –Ending military during peacetime King agreed to the petition, but ignored it later King Charles overthrown by Puritan leader Oliver Cromwell

31. Constitutional Monarchy Created Commonwealth of England –Republic Created Protectorate next Restored monarchy –Called the Restoration –Parliament retained power from earlier –Continued to limit power of monarchy –Tried to expand rights

32. Habeas Corpus Amendment Act –After arrest, person must appear in court –Must be informed of what accused of –Prevents authority from abusing power and holding people without a reason Glorious Revolution –William and Mary are co-rulers –Established right to limit monarch power –Control succession to throne –Became constitutional monarchy Powers of ruler restricted by constitution and laws

33. English Bill of Rights –Summary of rights and liberties of people –Limited monarchy’s power –Protected free speech in Parliament –More..

34. In summary –Magna Carta –Glorious Revolution Bill of Rights –Guaranteed rule of law –Parliamentary government –Individual liberties –Constitutional monarchy –Set example for American Revolution

35. King John Decision Game