1. Grammar Lesson 28 Vocabulary: Cicero was a Roman statesman and orator known for his long-windedness and eloquent style. A cicerone is one who guides sightseers through a museum or other interesting landmark. Hector, the leader of the Trojan forces in the Iliad, killed several Greek warriors. To hector means to bully, intimidate, or torment

2. Object of the Preposition/ Prepositional Phrase Object of the preposition: the noun or pronoun that follows the preposition Every preposition must have an object, may have compound objects Examples: Aboard the plane Within the framework Over the clouds Opposite Ben Franklin and Alexander Hamilton (compound objects)

3. Prepositional Phrase Begins with a preposition and contains a noun and its modifiers There can be more than one in a sentence Examples: An accused person found not guilty by trial cannot be tried again for the same crime. After our lunch (1), let’s talk about the reasons(2) for the amendments(3) to the Constitution(4).

4. Grammar Lesson 29 Vocabulary: Hung jury- when the jury cannot agree on the verdict of a person accused of a crime Filibuster- a method of delaying or stopping action on a legislative issue by the use of long speeches or prolonged debate

5. The Prepositional Phrase as an Adjective A phrase is a group of words that functions as a single word Prepositional phrases function as a single word, and some modify a noun or pronoun, so we call them adjective phrases Adjective phrases- answers the question “Which one?”, “What kind?”, or “How many?” Examples: The term of a senator is six years. (modifies the noun “term” and tells “what kind”) The chamber had seats for twelve people. (modifies the noun “seat”, tells “how many”)

6. Diagramming the Prepositional Phrase We place the preposition on a slanted line attached to the word that the phrase modifies We place the object of the preposition on a horizontal line at the bottom of the slanted preposition line Example: The Vice President took the place of the President. All citizens regardless of gender may vote.

7. Lesson 30 Vocabulary: Faze- to perturb, disturb, or fluster Phase- as a noun, means a period or stage. As a verb, means to introduce in stages

8. Indirect Objects Transitive verb is an action verb with a direct object. A transitive verb may have two kinds of objects: direct and indirect An indirect object receives the action indirectly. (in parentheses down below) Examples: M.E. Bradford gives (us) the *background information. This taxation caused (them) great *resentment. In order to have an indirect object, a sentence must have a direct object.

9. Indirect Object One test of an indirect object is that it can be expressed alternately by a prepositional phrase introduced by to or for: Examples: M.E. Bradford gives to us the background information. This taxation caused for them great resentment.

10. Diagramming the Indirect Object The indirect object is attached beneath the verb by a slanted line as though it were a prepositional phrase with the preposition (x) understood and not stated Example: Thomas Jefferson drafted Congress the first Constitution of the United States.