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Ch10, Section 1: What is Biodiversity? Standards: SCSh2b, 3c, 4a, 9c.

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Presentation on theme: "Ch10, Section 1: What is Biodiversity? Standards: SCSh2b, 3c, 4a, 9c."— Presentation transcript:

1 Ch10, Section 1: What is Biodiversity? Standards: SCSh2b, 3c, 4a, 9c

2  Biodiversity- number of different species in a given area.  Highest in areas that get lots of sunlight, moisture, and nutrients- like a tropical rainforest.

3  Unknown!  We know 1.7 million have been identified and named.  Estimate greater than 10 million actually exist.  Many unknown species live in rainforest, deep oceans, even cities.  Which group of organisms make up the majority of the 1.7 million known species?

4  Genetic diversity ◦ Different genes within all members of a population.  Species diversity ◦ Number of different species in an area.  Ecosystem diversity ◦ Variety of habitats, communities, and ecological processes within and btwn ecosystems.

5 1. Species are part of balanced cycles within ecosystems 2. Maintain genetic diversity 3. Provide products for human use 4. Ethical, aesthetic, and recreation uses

6 1. Species are part of balanced cycles within ecosystems ◦ All species depend on each other as food sources ◦ Keystone species- when removed from an ecosystem, the ecosystem collapses  Named after center block in an arch that supports arch (see picture)  Ex: sea otter, salmon, grey wolf (Yellowstone)

7  Sea otters were killed almost to extinction in the 1800’s for their fur.  Sea otters eat sea urchins but since there were no sea otters, the sea urchin population grew exponentially.  Sea urchins devoured kelp which was home to numerous species of fish and invertebrates.  Without kelp the entire ecosystem suffered. Sea urchins devouring kelp stalk

8 2. Maintain genetic diversity ◦ Need diversity to keep population healthy. ◦ If all species are genetically identical then an environmental change could wipe out the population. ◦ Creates bottleneck effect ◦ Ex: Cheetahs- there are so few cheetahs left that they begin to inbreed and lose genetic diversity. Suffering from genetic disorders & disease. Before cheetahs were killed off there was a lot of genetic diversity. Cheetahs population killed rapidly Very few traits survived.

9 3. Provide products for human use A. Medicine  1/3 of drugs derived from plants  Almost all antibiotics from chemicals in fungi  Ex: see chart DrugOriginUse TaxolPacific yewAnticancer NovacaineCoca plantLocal anesthetic L-dopaVelvet beanTreatment of Parkinson’s disease

10 B. Food ◦ Eating food from rainforests ensures protection of the rainforest b/c it becomes an exporting industry  Ex: chocolate ◦ Need to create hybrids so crop genes aren’t too pure. (pure genes=increased susceptibility to disease ◦ Many undiscovered and underutilized crops in developing countries that could be used to provide income.

11 C. Clothing ◦ Ex: cotton, silk D. Shelter ◦ Ex: wood, rubber from rubber trees

12 4. Ethics, Aesthetics, Recreation ◦ Ethics- species have a right to exist ◦ Aesthetics- personal enjoyment; camping, picking wildflowers, hiking ◦ Recreation- fishing, swimming, boating ◦ Ecotourism- form of tourism that supports conservation efforts; enables developing countries to earn income.


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