2. SSCG1 The student will demonstrate knowledge of the political philosophies that shaped the development of United States constitutional government. SSCG1 The student will demonstrate knowledge of the political philosophies that shaped the development of United States constitutional government. a. Analyze key ideas of limited government and the rule of law as seen in the Magna Carta, the Petition of Rights, and the English Bill of Rights. a. Analyze key ideas of limited government and the rule of law as seen in the Magna Carta, the Petition of Rights, and the English Bill of Rights. b. Analyze the writings of Hobbes (Leviathan), Locke (Second Treatise on Government), and Montesquieu (The Spirit of Laws) as they affect our concept of government. b. Analyze the writings of Hobbes (Leviathan), Locke (Second Treatise on Government), and Montesquieu (The Spirit of Laws) as they affect our concept of government.

3. Essential Features of a State 1.Population - people 2.Territory - established boundaries 3.Sovereignty - absolute authority within its boundaries 4.Government - 4.Government - institution through which the state maintains social order, provides public services, and enforces decisions that are binding on all people living within the state

4. Theories on the Origin of the State 1.Evolutionary - 1.Evolutionary - state evolved from the basic family unit 2. 2.Force - people of an area were brought under the authority of one person or a group 3. 3.Divine Right - god or gods have chosen certain people to rule. 4. 4.Social Contract - people give gov’t authority to rule and Gov’t must protect people’s rights

5. Purposes of Government 1.Maintain social order  Laws, courts, police 2.Provide public services  Roads, schools, programs 3.Provide national security  Military 4.Make economic decisions  What, how much, for whom

6. a. Analyze key ideas of limited government and the rule of law as seen in the Magna Carta, the Petition of Rights, and the English Bill of Rights. a. Analyze key ideas of limited government and the rule of law as seen in the Magna Carta, the Petition of Rights, and the English Bill of Rights.

7. What is Limited Government? A system of power in which the power of the government is not absolute. A system of power in which the power of the government is not absolute.

8. What is rule of law? The principle that all people and institutions are subject to and accountable to law that is fairly applied and enforced. The principle that all people and institutions are subject to and accountable to law that is fairly applied and enforced. – Including the king

9. Where do the ideas of limited government and the rule of law come from? Where do the ideas of limited government and the rule of law come from? – 3 English Documents Magna Carta (1215) Magna Carta (1215) Petition of Right (1628) Petition of Right (1628) English Bill of Rights (1689) English Bill of Rights (1689)

10. Magna Carta (1215) Nobles forced King John to sign Nobles forced King John to sign – Provided the basis for limited gov’t – Only applied to nobles – Certain basic rights may not be denied by government – Representatives of the people should take part in government

11. Petition of Right (1628) Signed by King Charles I Signed by King Charles I – Monarch could no longer: Collect taxes without Parliament consent Collect taxes without Parliament consent Imprison people without just cause Imprison people without just cause House troops in private homes without owner permission House troops in private homes without owner permission Declare martial law except in times of war Declare martial law except in times of war

12. English Bill of Rights (1689) Accepted by William III and Mary II Accepted by William III and Mary II – Established a constitutional monarchy and set clear limits on what king could do: It established Parliamentary supremacy It established Parliamentary supremacy It established a balance of powers between the executive and legislative branches It established a balance of powers between the executive and legislative branches

13. Our English Heritage Rule of Law – not even the ruler is above the law Rule of Law – not even the ruler is above the law Representative Government – people should have a voice in government Representative Government – people should have a voice in government Limited Government – citizens have basic rights that are protected by law Limited Government – citizens have basic rights that are protected by law

14. b. Analyze the writings of Hobbes (Leviathan), Locke (Second Treatise on Government), and Montesquieu (The Spirit of Laws) as they affect our concept of government. b. Analyze the writings of Hobbes (Leviathan), Locke (Second Treatise on Government), and Montesquieu (The Spirit of Laws) as they affect our concept of government.

15. Thomas Hobbes Thomas Hobbes - one of the first to theorize on the social contract. Thomas Hobbes - one of the first to theorize on the social contract. Social contract - people gave up to the state the power needed to maintain order and state agreed to protect the citizens. Social contract - people gave up to the state the power needed to maintain order and state agreed to protect the citizens. He wrote the book Leviathan, Hobbes set out his doctrine of social contract theories. He wrote the book Leviathan, Hobbes set out his doctrine of social contract theories.

16. John Locke John Locke took social contract a step further. John Locke took social contract a step further. People were born with natural rights: life, liberty, and property. People were born with natural rights: life, liberty, and property. People give power to a governing authority. When government failed to preserve the rights of the people, the people had the right to break the contract. People give power to a governing authority. When government failed to preserve the rights of the people, the people had the right to break the contract. He influenced the American Declaration of Independence. He influenced the American Declaration of Independence.

17. John Locke People need government to keep social order because they have not figured out a way to live in groups without conflict. People need government to keep social order because they have not figured out a way to live in groups without conflict. The Second Treatise outlines a theory of political or civil society based on natural rights and contract theory. The Second Treatise outlines a theory of political or civil society based on natural rights and contract theory.

18. Baron de Montesquieu The Spirit of Laws was published anonymously by Montesquieu. The Spirit of Laws was published anonymously by Montesquieu. Montesquieu stressed the separation of powers, three branches of gov’t, and the rule of law. Montesquieu stressed the separation of powers, three branches of gov’t, and the rule of law. Many of his ideas are in our Constitution. Many of his ideas are in our Constitution.

19. SSCG19 The student will compare and contrast governments that are unitary, confederal, and federal; autocratic, oligarchic and democratic; and presidential and parliamentary. SSCG19 The student will compare and contrast governments that are unitary, confederal, and federal; autocratic, oligarchic and democratic; and presidential and parliamentary.

20. 3 Government Systems 1.Unitary system – all key powers given to national gov’t 2.Federal system – powers shared between state and national gov’t 3.Confederacy – loose union of independent states

21. Major Types of Government (Aristotle) 1.Autocracy  Power to rule in the hands of a single individual  Two forms of autocracy:  Dictatorship  monarchy

22. 2.Oligarchy  Gov’t in which a small group holds power  Power comes from wealth, military power, social position, or religion  China has this

23. 3.Democracy  Rule by the people  Two forms  direct democracy – people rule themselves by voting on issues individually  representative democracy – people elect representatives to make laws and run gov’t  USA has this

24. Two Types of Democracy Two Types of Democracy – Parliamentary » Legislative and executive powers both belong to an elected legislature » Legislature chooses the cabinet and head executive – Presidential » Executive branch independent of the legislative branch » President heads executive branch and chooses his cabinet

26. 3 Economic Systems in World 1.Capitalism – Free choice or free enterprise – Developed by Adam Smith – Economic decisions are made buy buyers (consumers) and sellers (producers) – USA actually has a mixed-market economy

27. 2.Socialism – Government owns the basic means of production, determines the use of resources, distributes products and wages, and provides social services.

28. 3.Communism – Central government directs all major economic decisions – Developed by Karl Marx Believed one class would evolve where property belonged to everyone and no government would be needed Believed one class would evolve where property belonged to everyone and no government would be needed