1. Primary Sources Library Services Training Series October 29, 2015 Heather Dahl

2. Primary Sources Definition: Sources from the time period A primary source is a document or physical object which was written or created during the time under study. These sources were present during an experience or time period and offer an inside view of a particular event. Secondary Sources A secondary source interprets and analyzes primary sources. These sources are one or more steps removed from the event. Secondary sources may have pictures, quotes or graphics of primary sources in them. Some types of secondary sources include: PUBLICATIONS: Textbooks, magazine articles, histories, criticisms, commentaries, encyclopedias (Princeton)Princeton

3. Examples ORIGINAL DOCUMENTS (excerpts or translations acceptable): Diaries, speeches, manuscripts, letters, interviews, news film footage, autobiographies, official records CREATIVE WORKS: Poetry, drama, novels, music, art RELICS OR ARTIFACTS: Pottery, furniture, clothing, buildings

4. Common Core and Critical Thinking Common Core- LOC newlsetter LOC newlsetter Student-centered Inquiry driven Use of evidence for deep analysis and interpretation Comparison of different sources ELA- cite textual evidence from primary and secondary sources Contextualize, make inferences, and prompt student to consider what else she needs to know Critical Thinking Learn to create the narrative Realize point of view, including their own Become the expert “Do” the work of an historian Context of time- get “inside” the thinking of a time period Historical contingency- realize that historical moments were human decisions, not pre- determined events

5. Is it really primary? Mediated sources Textbooks Photographs Find the closest to original source as possible

6. The real thing: Teaching with Documents (NARA)NARA The featured document, a telegram from Senator Joseph R. McCarthy to President Harry S. Truman, was sent to the president on February 11, 1950, two days after the Wheeling speech. Also included is Truman's reply (probably unsent).Truman's reply

7. Citations for Primary Sources Library of Congress supportsupport Primary sources are not a TYPE of source and should be cited as their source type (which is why annotated bibliographies are important)

8. Projects that use them National History Day Research Papers AP courses (teachers often pre-select) Museum displays Where else do you see in curriculum? Where else can you push for teachers to integrate? What other teachers besides Social Studies?

9. Keywords to find them Search by keyword for Primary Sources in the Main Catalog You can search the Main Catalog to find direct references to primary source material. Perform a keyword search for your topic and add one of the words below: (these are several examples of words that would identify a source as primary) charters correspondence diaries early works interviews manuscripts oratory pamphlets personal narratives sources speeches letters Documents www.princeton.edu/~refdesk/primary2.html

10. Places to find them Free web- use “+ primary source,” “+document,” “+speech” etc Subscription Databases- several options- see UNM. If projects need student searching Library of Congress- historic Newspapers National Archives- US documents UNM eContent Library and Atlas of Historic NMAtlas of Historic NM Internet Modern History Sourcebook (Fordham)Fordham

11. LMTS funded databases

12. Examples of Specialty Databases Create Research Pathways Transatlantic Slave Trade (Emory) Transatlantic Slave Trade Civil War Gilder Lehrman – US History Collections The West (PBS)(PBS US Maps (LOC)LOC Martin Luther King, JR see Notes on War Martin Luther King, JRNotes on War

13. Great Example of Librarians’ Categorizing “Primary Sources at Yale” “Primary Sources at Yale”

14. Role of Librarian Know key search terms to help individual students better find primary sources Direct students to “as close to primary” as possible sites Create thematic project pathways for teachers- based on units/ content/ projects Offer teacher training to LOC and NARA and be ready to help students in classes Know enough to recommend where to look, key terms to search, how to evaluate and cite, and search in other databases Featured documents and lessons to teachers

15. Get Clicking: Library of Congress

16. Get Clicking: NARA (archives.gov) Teacher Resources National Archives Catalog (ARC) National Archives Catalog (ARC) Browse Online Exhibits Not as easy as LOC, but always get to ARC or feature pathways to particular exhibits. Great teacher lesson plans. Example: What’s CookingWhat’s Cooking

17. Get Clicking: NM digital content

18. Get Clicking: NM Historical Atlas