1. Caring for and Guiding Children Chapter 13

2. Providing a Nurturing Environment 13:1

3.  All children need a nurturing environment to help them grow and develop. In a nurturing environment, children feel secure, protected, satisfied, and loved.

4. Sending Messages with Love  Children need to hear love expressed in verbal and nonverbal messages

5. Making Direct Eye Contact  Parents can send a message of care and love by looking directly into the child’s eyes  Helps meets children’s emotional needs and learn to make direct eye contact with others as they build relationships

6. Providing Close Physical Contact  Messages sent by physical contact; usually signals of caring, concern, support, and love

7. Spending Time Together  An important way for parents to help their children feel loved is to spend time with them.  Children need undivided and uninterrupted time  even if the time is short  Listen to the child and show empathy

8. Providing Guidance 13:2

9.  Children do not automatically know what they should or should not do. They need guidance from their parents  Guidance is all that parents do and say as they influence their children’s behavior in a positive way. This will help children grow to maturity and learn to to be productive members of society.

10.  With proper guidance, children will learn self- control.  Guidance should include 1.Love being the key ingredient 2.A child’s self-esteem or value as a person should always be upheld 3.The method should help the child learn self-control

11. Modeling  Modeling is acting in a way that sets a good example  Parents are a child’s first role model

12. Setting Limits  Limits should be well defined and clearly explained will help a child learn self-control  Be Consistent  Keep both the child’s and parent’s welfare in mind  Use positive reinforcement

13. Establishing Routines  Routines give a feeling of security to a child’s life  Routines also help parents show parental control  In turn helps the child learn self-control

14. Redirecting  Redirecting is when a parent guides their child from one activity to a more acceptable one.

15. Making Request  Parents can guide a child’s actions by expressing personal desires  For example “Brodie, I would like you to put your Legos in the Lego box.”

16. Reinforcing  When a child preforms a desired behavior, reinforcement can influence the child to repeat that behavior  Reinforcing Desired Behavior  Right after the desired behavior  Reinforcing Negative Behavior  Getting what child wants because they keep asking  Not paying attention when children are playing  Must make sure you are praising good behavior and not just calling attention to bad behavior

17. Using Natural Consequences  Natural consequences are the normal results of an actions  A direct relationship must exist between the child’s choice of action and the result of that action.  The natural consequences should not be dangerous to the child’s health or welfare

18. Punishing  Punishment gives the child a reason to regret engaging in behavior he or she knew was wrong.  They must be old enough to understand  Punishment must fit the wrong behavior  Timeout  Parents should discuss the punishment first

19. Choosing a Guidance Method 1.Why did the child act this way? 2.What can I do to help the child learn appropriate behavior? 1.Identify the problem first 2.Identify which guidance method will help the child learn self-control

20. Providing Opportunities for Play 13:3

21. Importance of Play  Build self-esteem  Encourage creativity  Learn about different roles  Build relationships  Practice new skills  Focus on tasks

22. Type of Play  Manipulative play – putting beads on a string  Large-Muscle Play (gross-motor) – walk, run, jump, kick, hop, skip, or pedal  Water and Sand Play- learn science concepts  Housekeeping Play – act our homelife experiences and imitate roles  Dramatic play – express needs or release frustrations

23. Stages of Play  One stage builds onto the next stage 1.Solitary play – play alone and ignore other children 2.Onlooker play – toddlers watch other children play but will not join in 3.Parallel play – child play side by side without interacting with each other 4.Associative play – (3 yrs-elementary years) enjoys playing with others, may share toys but do not organize their play 5.Cooperative play (around 10 yrs) work together to reach a common goal, allows them to play team sport

24. Choosing Toys for Children’s Play  Allows imagination  Provide gross-motor exercise

25. Guidelines for Toy Selection  Chart page 290  Are safe to use – nonflammable or flam-resistant materials  Have interesting color, shape, and texture  Stimulate new kinds of exploration  Fit a variety of play settings  Help a child express creativity  Are durable  Match the age of the child

26. Technology and the Development of a Child  Limit the child’s time spent with electronic entertainment  Control exposure to violent images

27. Providing for the Health and Safety of Children 13:4

28. Establish Good Eating Habits  Choose the recommended amounts from each of the food groups  Serve nutritious snacks  Avoid serving foods with too much sugar, salt and fats  Make food look appetizing by combining different colors, textures and shapes  Involve children in food preparation  Encourage children to try new foods.

29. Sleeping Habits  During sleep the brain sorts and stores information and builds and repairs cells

30. Physical Activity  Increases muscle strength  Aids in weight control

31. Dental Health  Brush Regularly  Schedule Regular checkups

32. Medical Care  Pediatrician is a medical doctor who specializes in the care of children  Immunization is giving injections or drops to a person to prevent a specific disease  MMR – protect against measles, mumps and rubella  Chart page 294  Childhood Illnesses  Germs are disease causing organisms  Contagious diseases are easily spread from one person to another  Quarantine- confined until the contagious stage is past

33. Avoid Accidents  Accidents kill more young children then any one disease  Use proper car restraint system  Learn first aid and emergency treatment  Never leave children alone  Never play roughly with infants  Example throw in the air or swing upside down  Chart page 295

34. Community Resources  Support Groups  The Education System  Children with Special Needs  Individual Education Plan (IEP)  Government Agencies  Social services  Welfare  Food programs  Low-cost medical care