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Rocks Igneous Sedimentary Metamorphic
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Objectives: Explain how rocks form. Distinguish between the three main types of rocks. Identify rock samples based on physical characteristics.
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Igneous Rocks
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Terms: Types of Igneous Rocks Intrusive igneous rocks form from magma beneath the Earth’s surface. Extrusive igneous rocks form from lava on the Earth’s surface. magma - beneath the surface
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Igneous Rock lava magma magma pool
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Igneous – From Fire Extrusive lava volcano or fissure glassy holes from gas basaltic – dark color high % -iron -magnesium -calcium Intrusive magma beneath surface large crystals no holes granitic - light color high % -silica
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Intrusive igneous rocks have large crystals that are easy to see. Extrusive igneous rocks do not have large crystals that you can see easily. intrusive igneous rock extrusive igneous rock
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Granite intrusive igneous rock light gray, pink or white feels a little rough more than one mineral can be seen hard to scratch with a nail
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Pumice extrusive igneous rock light tan or white full of tiny bubbles light weight often floats on water
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Obsidian extrusive igneous rock looks like black glass red or white spots or streaks feels very smooth
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Gabbro intrusive igneous rock dark gray to black feels a little rough more than one mineral can be seen hard to scratch with a nail
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Rhyolite extrusive very fine grained pinkish-grey color sometimes has dark streaks
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Basalt extrusive rock dark grey or black feels little rough different minerals can be seen hard to scratch with a nail
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Which are intrusive and which are extrusive rocks? Basalt Rhyolite Gabbro GranitePumice Obsidian Extrusive intrusive Extrusive
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Can you identify this igneous rock? Physical properties: light colored floats in water has air bubbles Pumice Intrusive or extrusive extrusive
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Can you identify this igneous rock? Physical properties: dark colored not glassy more than one mineral is visible Gabbro Intrusive or extrusive extrusive
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Can you identify this igneous rock? Physical properties: light gray, pink or white feels a little rough more than one mineral can be seen graite Intrusive or extrusive intrusive
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Can you identify this igneous rock? Physical properties: dark grey or black feels a little rough air holes basalt Intrusive or extrusive extrusive
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Can you identify this igneous rock? Physical properties: looks like black glass red or white spots or streaks feels very smooth obsidian Intrusive or extrusive extrusive
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Can you identify this igneous rock? Physical properties: fine grained pinkish-grey color sometimes has dark streaks rhyolite Intrusive or extrusive extrusive
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Sedimentary Rocks
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Sedimentary Rocks sedimentum means “to settle” rocks form from sediments that have been pressed together sediments come from: plant or animal remains minerals dissolved in water large rocks that have broken up
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Sediment is normally deposited in horizontal layers parallel to the Earth’s surface
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Three Types of Sedimentary Rocks Detrital sediment deposited by: wind ice water gravity Chemical minerals left behind: geysers hot springs salt water Organic fossils plants / animals coal limestone
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Detrital Sedimentary Rocks - Identified by Grain Size clay sized – shale silt sized – siltstone sand sized – sandstone pebble sized- conglomerate Shale Sandstone Siltstone Conglomerate
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siltstoneconglomerate sandstone shale
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Conglomerate may be tan, red, or white full of pebbles of sand hard to scratch – breaks first
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sandstone layers of slightly different colors may be red, brown, or gray granular appearance can scratch off grains of sand
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Siltstone
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shale may be red, brown, or gray feels smooth splits into almost flat layers smells like mud when wet easy to scratch
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Chemical Sedimentary Rock
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Mineral Rich Water Evaporates salt water geysers hot springs Examples: halite – rock salt gypsum - chalk
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limestone may be black, gray or white may feel rough or smooth easy to scratch powder from scratch bubbles with vinegar
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Organic Sedimentary Rock
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Fossilerous Limestone and Coal fossil – remains or trace of a once living plant or animal coal – fossilized plant limestone – fossilized ocean organisms chalk = limestone fossil – remains or trace of a once living plant or animal coal – fossilized plant limestone – fossilized ocean organisms chalk = limestone
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Fill in the name of a rock (s) that fits each of the properties. sandstone no pebbles conglomerate pebbles shale does not bubble limestone bubbles with acid conglomeratesandstone hard to scratch limestoneshale easy to scratch
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Metamorphic Rock
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heat limestone pressure marble
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Metamorphic – change of form Great pressures and heat look different recrystallized chemically changed Any existing type of rock can morph igneous sedimentary metamorphic
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granite detrital sedimentary chemical sedimentary gniess igneous sandstone quartzite limestone marble
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Slate Metamorphic marble schist gniess
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white, yellow or tan color mineral grains can be seen powder from scratch bubbles with acid easy to scratch with a nail nonfoliated Marble
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gniess colors are usually black and white, black and red or black and brown minerals in ribbon like layers hard to scratch with a nail foliated
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Schist black to silvery minerals in leaf- like layers soft and easy to scratch with a nail foliated
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slate black, grey, red or green easy to scratch with a nail splits into thin, flat, smooth plates foliated
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Classifying Metamorphic Rocks Texture differences Two main groups –Foliated visible layers or leaves bands of different colored minerals - Nonfoliated no distinctive bands or layers no pattern to any visible mineral grains
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Foliated and Nonfoliated Rocks Marble (nonfoliated) Slate (foliated)
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Identify the properties of the following metamorphic rocks Gneiss – Schist – Slate - Marble hard to scratcheasy to scratch minerals seenminerals not seen bubbles with vinegardoes not bubble foliated,nonfoliated gneissschist, slate, marble gneiss, schist, marble slate marble gneiss, schist, slate gneiss, slate, schistmarble
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metamorphicsedimentary foliatednonfoliateddetrital chemical organic intrusiveextrusive Rocks igneous Three classes two kindsthree kindstwo kinds
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The Rock Cycle “ a model in diagram form ” compaction cementation weathering erosion melting heat and pressure cooling
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The word “igneous” means... A. from fire B. from water C. to be ignited
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What is magma? A. molten rock on the earth’s surface B. molten rock below the earth’s surface C. volcanic ash
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What is lava? A. an abrasive in soap B. molten rock above the earth’s surface C. molten rock below the earth’s surface
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Igneous rock forms from …. A. lava B. magma C. either lava or magma
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Obsidian, granite, pumice, and basalt are examples of ….. A. igneous rocks. B. sedimentary rocks. C. metamorphic rocks.
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The nickname for this rock is “volcanic glass” A. pumice B. shale C. obsidian
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This rock is has colored dots. A. pumice B. granite C. marble
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This rock can float in water. A. pumice B. limestone C. sandstone
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The Hawaiian Islands are made of this rock. A. obsidian B. basalt C. sandstone
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Sedimentum means…. A. to settle B. solid rock C. move slowly
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Sedimentary rocks form from... A. sediments pressed together. B. rocks cemented together. C. both A and B
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Conglomerate, sandstone, and limestone are examples of …. A. sedimentary rocks. B. igneous rocks. C. metamorphic rocks.
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A rock made from pebble sized rocks cemented together with mud. A. sandstone B. limestone C. conglomerate
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This rock is made from mud and forms in layers. A. shale B. slate C. gneiss
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This rock is made from granite. A. marble B. schist C. sandstone
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These rocks are formed from existing rocks. A. igneous rocks B. sedimentary rocks C. metamorphic rocks
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Metamorphic rocks form when rocks are placed under …. A. mud in a river bed. B. frozen ice. C. heat and pressure.
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Metamorphic rocks form from... A. igneous rocks. B. sedimentary rocks. C. both A and B
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This rock is formed from quartz, feldspar and mica. A. schist B. marble C. gneiss
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This rock makes “chalk” marks A. sandstone B. limestone C. slate
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Name this rock….. A. gniess B. granite C. marble
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Name this rock….. A. obsidian B. basalt C. marble
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Name this rock…… A. sandstone B. pumice C. conglomerate
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A. shale B. basalt C. schist Name this rock …
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A. sandstone B. pumice C. limestone
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Name this rock….. A. obsidian B. granite C. marble
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Name this rock….. A. obsidian B. granite C. slate
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A. shale B. schist C. sandstone Name this rock …
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A. sandstone B. slate C. obsidian
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Name this rock….. A. schist B. granite C. gniess
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End of Presentation
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Resources and Citations Resources: Text : www.tx.science.glencoe.com Clip art: http:dgl.microsoft.com Sound: www.soundamerica.com Rock Pictures: www.rockhound.com Rocks and Minerals: The Hard Facts. Rainbow Educational Media. 1987. unitedstreaming. 28 January 2006
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