1. Hindi Learning : Day 2

2. Today’s Agenda More Vocabulary Pronouns and examples in usage
Question words and examples in usage
Transportation: Bus
Transportation: Taxi
Directions
Recap of Self-Introduction

3. Vocabulary : Recap

4. Come - aa
Hear - sun
Go - jaa
Walk - chal
Talk - bol
Do - kar
Stop - ruk
Study - padh
See - dekh
Sleep - so
Take - lo
Drink - pe
Give - do
Keep - rakh
Open – khol
Buy - kharid

5. Inside a building:1
Roof: chhat
Home: ghar
Door: darvaja
Window: khidhki
Room: kamra
Family:1
mother: ma
Father: pita
Son: beta
Daughter: beti
Direction:
Uttar – north
Dakshin – south
Paschim – west
Poorav – east
Greetings:
Thank you: dhanyavad
Hello: namaste
Good morning : suprabhat
Good evening: shubhsandhya
Good night: subhratri

6. Food:
Rice: chaval
Chappati: roti
Pulses: dal
Fruits:1
Banana: kela
Mango: aam
Measurements:
Big: bada
Small: chota
Days:
Today: aaj
Tomorrow: kal
Yesterday: kal
Day after tomorrow: parso
Birds:1
Crow: kauva
Hen: murgi

7. Vocabulary : New

8. (jii) haan – yes
(jii) nahi – no
Dhanyawaad – thank you
Kripayaa – please
Birds:
Peacock – mor
Owl – ulloo

9. Paternal Grandmother – dadi
Paternal Grandfather - dadaa
Maternal Grandfather - naanaa
Maternal Grandmother – naanii

10. 10 – dus
20 – bees
30 – tees
40 – chaalees
50 – pachaas
60 – saatth
70 – sattar
80 – assii
90 – nabbai
100 – sau

11. Pronouns

12. Levels of Respect:
While speaking Hindi, there are 3 levels of respect –
The first level is very formal. This is used with adults, strangers and in formal occasions. This is always recommended.
The second level is semi-formal. This is used with people of the same age as us and is a little more fimiliar than the formal level.
The last level is informal. This is used with people that are close to us like friends.

13. Mei – I
I am a teacher.
Mei adhyapak hoon.
Adhyapak – teacher
Hoon – am (sentence ending used with first person pronouns)

14. Aap – you (formal)
You are a student.
Aap vidyaarthi hain.
Vidyaarthi – student
Hain – are (sentence ending used with second person formal)

15. Tum – you (semi-formal)
You are a student.
Tum vidyaarthi ho.
Vidyaarthi – student
Ho – are (sentence ending used with second person semi-formal)

16. Too – you (informal)
You are a student.
Too vidyaarthi hai.
Vidyaarthi – student
Hai – are (sentence ending used with second person informal)

17. Yaha – he / she / this(third person - formal)
Used when the third person is part of the conversation
He / She is a student.
Yaha vidyaarthi hai.
Vidyaarthi – student
Hai – is (sentence ending used with third person)

18. Waha – he / she / that(third person – formal)
Used when the third person is far away
He / She is a student.
Waha vidyaarthi hai.
Vidyaarthi – student
Hai – is (sentence ending used with third person)

19. Ye – he / she / this(third person – semi-formal)
Used when the third person is part of the conversation
He / She is a student.
Ye vidyaarthi hai.
Vidyaarthi – student
Hai – is (sentence ending used with third person)

20. Wo – he / she / that(third person – semi-formal)
Used when the third person is far away
He / She is a student.
Wo vidyaarthi hai.
Vidyaarthi – student
Hai – is (sentence ending used with third person)

21. Plural Pronouns:
Hum - we
Aap log – you all (formal)
Tum log – you all (informal)
Yaha log – these people (formal)
Way log – those people (formal)
Ye log – these people (informal)
Wo log – those people (formal)
These can be used in the same way as the pronouns given above.
The sentence ending used for these is ‘hein’.
Exception: sentence ending used with ‘tum log’ is ‘ho’.
Eg: Hum vidyaarthi hein.
Tum log vidyaarthi ho.

22. Possessive Pronouns:
Possessive pronoun ends with ‘a’ if the subject of the sentence is male
Possessive pronoun ends with ‘i’ if the subject of the sentence is female
Subject of the sentence may or may not be the person (first, second or third) addressed. It can also be any common noun, abstract noun, verb or adjective.
Possessive pronoun ends with ‘e’ to show direct possession.

23. Mera / Meri / Mere – My
Aapka / Aapki / Aapke – Your (formal)
Tumhara / Tumhari / Tumhare– Your (semi-formal)
Tera / Teri / Tere – Your (informal)
Inka /Inki / Inke – Their (formal)
Iska / Iski / Iske – Their (semi-formal)
Unka / Unki / Unke – Their
Used when the third person is far away

24. My name is Ajay.
Mera naam Ajay hai.
Naam – name
Hai – is (sentence ending marker)
Depending on situation, ‘Mera’ can be substituted with any option on the first two columns.
This pen is hers.
Yaha pen (kalam) uski hai.
This is his bag.
Yaya uska bag hai.

25. I have the book.
Mere paas kitab hai.
Paas – near (in context – in possession of)
Kitab – book
Hai – is (sentence end marker)
Go with him.
Uske saath jaao.
Saath – with
Jaao – go

26. Question Words

27. Kya - what
Kyon - why
Kis - which
Kaha - where
Kitna – how much
Kaun – who
Kab - when

28. What is this?
Yaha kya hai?
Yaha – this
Kya – what
Hai – is (sentence end marker)

29. Why are you doing this?
Aap yaha kyon kar rahe hain?
Aap – you (formal)
Yaha – this
Kyon – why
Kar – do
(kar) rahe – (doing) present continuous marker
Hai – is / are (sentence ending marker)

30. Which university do you study in?
Aap kis vishwavidyalaya me padhte hain?
Aap - you
Kis – which
Uchhavidyalaya – university
Me – in
Parte – study
Hain – is / are (sentence ending marker)

31. Where is your home?
Aapkaa ghar kaha hain?
Aapkaa – your
Ghar - home
Kaha – where
Hai – is (sentence ending marker)

32. How much is this (priced)?
Yaha kitne ka hai?
Yaha - this
Kitna – how much
Ka – of (indicating the price of object)
Hai – is (sentence ending marker)

33. Who is this?
Yaha kaun hai?
Yaha - this
Kaun – who
Hai – is (sentence ending marker)

34. When will we teach?
Hum kab padhayenge?
Hum – we
Kab - when
(Pahunch)-enge – will (reach)

35. Transportation : Bus Locating bus stand Enquiring bus number
Asking if bus goes to required destination
Bus fare
Asking the conductor to let you know when the destination is reached

36. Good news – we don’t need to know the Hindi words for ‘bus’
Good news – we don’t need to know the Hindi words for ‘bus’. Everyone uses and understands this.
Here are some phrases that will be useful while travelling:
Replace the blank with the name of the destination.

37. Maaf kijiye, yaha bus stop kaha hai?
Excuse me, where is the bus stop here?
Maaf kijiye – excuse me
Yaha – here
Se – from
Sabse – most
Paas – close / near
Ka – of
Kaha – where
Hai – is (sentence ending marker)

38. Kaunsa bus _________ tak jaayegi?
Which bus would go till ____________.
Kaunsa – which
Tak – till
Jaayegi – will go

39. Kya yaha bus ________ mei rukegi?
Does this bus stop at _________ ?
Kya – what (will/does – in context) question marker
Yaha – this
Mei – in / at
Rukegi – stop

40. Yaha bus kahaa ja rahi hai?
Where is this bus going?
Yaha – this
Kahaa – where
Ja – go
(ja) rahi – going
Hai – is (sentence ending marker)

41. ___________ ke liye ticket kitne ka hai?
How much is the ticket for _________ ?
Ke liye – for
Kitne – how much
Ka – for
Hai – is (sentence ending marker)

42. ______ pahuchne par kya aap mujhe batjiyega
inform me when we reach _________
Me – at
Pahuchne (par) – (on) reaching
Kya – question marker
(Kya) aap – (could) you
Mujhe – to me
Soochit – inform
Karenge – do (verb - polite)

43. Locating a taxi stand Conversing with the taxi driver Bargaining fares
Transportation : Taxi
Locating a taxi stand
Conversing with the taxi driver
Bargaining fares

44. Maaf kijiye, yaha pe taxi stand kaha hai?
Excuse me, where is the taxi stand here?
Maaf kijiye – excuse me
Yaha – here
Se – from
Sabse – most
Paas – close / near
Ka – of
Kaha – where
Hai – is (sentence ending marker)

45. Maaf kijiye, yaha pe taxi kaha milegi?
Excuse me, where can I get a taxi ?
Maaf kijiye – excuse me
Yaha – here
Se – from
Paas – close / near
Me - at
Kaha – where
Milega – will get

46. Mujhe ________ jana hai.
I want to go to _______.
Mujhe – to me
Jana – (want to) go
Hai – is (sentence ending marker)

47. _______ jaane ka kitna lagega?
How much to go to _______?
Jaane – to go
Ka – for (ke liye – also used)
Kitna – how much
Lagega – will need

48. Bargaining:
Customer: _______ jaane ka kitna lagega?
Taxi Driver: 50 rupai.
Customer: Ye to bahut jyadaa hai. _______ paas hi me hai. Thoda kam kiijiye.
Taxi Driver: Achha, 40 rupai.
Customer: Theek hai.
Rupai – rupees
Me – in
Ye – this
Thora – little
Bahut – very
Kam – to lower
Jyadaa – a lot
Kiijiye – to do
Hai – is
Achha – alright / okay
Paas – near
Theek hai - <this is okay>

49. Zaraa jaldi kariye / chaliye.
Please go faster.
Zaraa – a little
Jaldi – fast
Chaliye – go (verb - polite)
Kariye – do (verb - polite)
- ‘jaldi’ can be replaces by ‘dhiire’ for slow

50. Mujhe derii ho rahi hai.
I am getting late.
Mujhe – me
Derii – late
Ho rahi – act of being (present continuous)
Hai – is (Sentence ending marker)

51. Directions Useful when understanding directions given to oneself
Also used to give directions Eg. To a taxi driver

52. Daaye – right
Baaye – left
Aage – front
Piichhe – back
Uttar – north
Dakshin – south
Paschim – west
Poorav – east
Uupar – up
Niche – down

53. Yahan daaye mudhiye
Turn right here
Yahan – here
Daaye – right
Mudhiye – turn (verb - polite)

54. Yahan baaye mudhiye
Turn right here
Yahan – here
Baaye – left
Mudhiye – turn (verb - polite)

55. Siidhe chaliye
Go straight
Siidhe – straight
Chaliye – go (polite)
Piiche jaaiye
Go back
Piiche – back
Jaaiye – go

56. Yaha rok diijiye
Stop here
Yaha – here
Rok – stop
(rok) Diijiye – (stop) do (makes it a verb - polite)
Roko – stop (verb – semi-formal)

57. Conversation:
A: maaf kiijiye, yaha se station pahoonchne ka raasta kya hai?
B: siidhe jaakar doosari modh par daaye mudhe. Fir pehli modh par baaye. Uske baad, siidhe jakar highway pakar liijiye. Highway ke baaye taraf ke tiisare gate se nikalkar siidhe station pahoonch jaayenge.
Highway ke alaawa bhi ek aur maarg hai, par vaha rasta achha nahi hai aur vahaa bahut bhiir ho sakti hai.
A: Dhanyawaad.

58. Vocabulary:
Yaha – here
Maaf - forgive
Se – from
Kiijiye – do (formal)
Pahoonchne – to reach
Maaf kiijiye – Excuse me
Ka – for
Raasta – way
Kya – what
Dhanyawaad – thank you
Hai – is (Sentence ending marker)

59. Siidhe - straight
Jaakar – (after) going
Uske - that
Doosari - second
baad – after
Modh - turn
Uske baad – after that
Par - on
Daaye - right
Mudhe – do turn (verb)
Highway - highway
Pakar – take (in context)
Fir - then
Lit. to hold
Pehli - first
Liijiye – (collectively used with ‘pakar’- formal)
Baaye - left

60. Ke – of (the highway)
Nikalkar – after having gone out
Baaye - left
Siidhe - straight
Taraf - side
Pahoonch - reach
Ke – of (the left side)
Jaayenge – will go / (in context) reach
Tiisare - third
Gate - gate
Se – from

61. Ke alawa – besides (the highway)
Achha - good
Bhi - also
Nahi - not
Ek - one
Aur - and
Aur - more
Vaha - there
Marg - route
Bahut – a lot
Hai – is / exists (in context)
Bhiir – crowd (in context - traffic)
Par - but
Ho - happen
Waha – that
Sakti - possibility
Rasta - road

62. Vocabulary:
Yaha – here
Maaf - forgive
Se – from
Kiijiye – do (formal)
Pahoonchne – to reach
Maaf kiijiye – Excuse me
Ka – for
Raasta – way
Kya – what
Dhanyawaad – thank you
Hai – is (Sentence ending marker)

63. Grammar:
Transition words-
Words that are used to move smoothly from one sentence to another in the same context.
Adding ‘___________-kar’ suffix after any word makes it past continuous tense – ‘after having done _________’

64. Fir – then
Sentence 1: Siidhe jaakar doosari modh par daaye mudhe.
After having gone straight, take the second right.
Sentence 2: Fir pehli modh par baaye.
Then left on the first turn.

65. Uske baad – after that
Sentence 1: Siidhe jaakar doosari modh par daaye mudhe.
After having gone straight, take the second right.
Sentence 2: Uske baad, siidhe jakar highway pakar liijiye.
After that, go straight to take the highway.

66. Uske alawa – besides that
Sentence 1: Highway ke alaawa bhi ek aur maarg hai.
Besides the highway, there is also another route.

67. Par – but
Sentence: Highway ke alaawa bhi ek aur maarg hai, par vaha rasta achha nahi hai aur vahaa bahut bhiir ho sakti hai.
Besides the highway, there is also another route, but that road is not good and there may be a lot of traffic.

68. Self-Introduction

69. Passage:
Namaste. Mera naam Aadarsh hai. Mei 21 saal ka hoon. Mei NIT Trichy me engineering vishay ka chaatra hoon.
  Good afternoon. My name is Aadarsh. I am 21 years old. I study engineering in NIT Trichy.
Mujhe kitaben pasand hai aur unhe parna meri ruchi hai. Mujhe apne mitron aur pariwaar ke saath samay bitana bhi achha lagta hai.
I like books and my hobby is reading. I also enjoy spending time with my friends and family.
I aspire to be a successful person in the future. What about you?
Mujhe bhavishya me ek safal vyakti banna hai. Aapka kya parichay hai?

70. Vocabulary:
Pasand – like
Naam - name
Aur – and
Unhe – them
Saal - year
Parna – study / read
Ka – of
Ruchi – hobby
Vishay – subject
Apne – my
Chaatra – student
Mitron – friends
Kitaben – books
Pariwaar – family

71. Saath – with
Samay – time
Me – in
Bitana – spending (time)
Ek – one / a
Bhi – also
Safal – successful
Achha – good
Vyakti – person
Lagta – feel
Banna – want to be
Bhavishya – future
Parichay – introduction

72. Grammar:
Aur – and
Used the same way as in English.
Joins two otherwise independent sentences.
Sentence 1: Mujhe kitaben pasand hai.
I like books.
Sentence 2: Unhe parna meri ruchi hai.
Reading them is my hobby.
Sentence 1 + 2: Mujhe kitaben pasand hai aur unhe parna meri ruchi hai.
I like books and reading them is my hobby.

73.  Used as conjunction between words.
Sentence 1: Mujhe apne mitron ke saath samay bitana achha lagta hai.
I like spending time with my friends.
Sentence 2: Mujhe apne pariwaar ke saath samay bitana achha lagta hai.
I like spending time with my family.
Sentence 1 + 2: Mujhe apne mitron aur pariwaar ke saath samay bitana achha lagta hai.
I like spending time with my friends and family.

74. Used as a transitional word to indicate two or more similar contexts.
Bhi – also
Used as a transitional word to indicate two or more similar contexts.
Used at the end of a sentence.
Sentence 1: Mujhe apne mitron ke saath samay bitana achha lagta hai.
I like spending time with my friends.
Sentence 2: Mujhe apne pariwaar ke saath samay bitana achha lagta hai.
I like spending time with my family.
Sentence 1 + 2: Mujhe apne mitron ke saath samay bitana achha lagta hai.
Mujhe apne pariwaar ke saath samay bitana bhi achha lagta hai.
I like spending time with my friends. I also like spending time with my family.

75. Aapka kya parichay hai?
How would you introduce yourself?
Lit. ‘What is your introduction?’
Aapka – your
Kya – what
Parichay – introduction
Hai – is (sentence ending marker)