1. REMEMBERING NINE OF THE WORST NATURAL DISASTERS. Part 3. (in terms of casualties) Walter Hays, Global Alliance for Disaster Reduction, Vienna, Virginia, USA Walter Hays, Global Alliance for Disaster Reduction, Vienna, Virginia, USA

2. AUGUST 1975 TYPHOON NINA AND BANQAIO DAM FAILURE:CHINA DEATH TOLL ESTIMATED AT 229,000.

3. Fast Forward to 2015 GLOBAL GOAL: Implementing the Post-2015 Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction From WCDRR

4. LEARNING FROM GLOBAL DISASTER LABORATORIES PART 1: TYPHOONS

5. WIND AND WATER PENETRATE BUILDING ENVELOPE TYPHOONS UPLIFT OF ROOF SYSTEM FLYING DEBRIS PENETRATES WINDOWS STORM SURGE HEAVY PRECIPITATION FLASH FLOODING (MUDFLOWS) LANDSLIDES (MUDFLOWS) CAUSES OF RISK GLOBAL DISASTER LABORATORIES GLOBAL DISASTER LABORATORIES

6. EXAMPLE: SUPER TYPHOON HAIYAN - - -A DISASTER LABORATORY FOR THE PHILIPPINES IN 2013- - - PAID OFF IN 2014

7. SUPER TYPHOON HAIYAN DEVASTATED THE PHILIPPINES NOVEMBER 8-10, 2013

8. HAIYAN REACHED THE PHILIPPINES: FRIDAY, NOV. 8

9. HAIYAN: A SUPER TYPHOON

10. WE PERPETUATE A FLAWED PREMISE: TYPHOON DISASTERS, WHICH OCCUR ANNUALLY, SHOULD BE ENOUGH TO MAKE ANY NATION SUSCEPTIBLE TO TYPHOONS ADOPT AND IMPLEMENT POLICIES THAT WILL LEAD TO THEIR TYPHOON DISASTER RESILIENCE

11. FACT: IT USUALLY TAKES MULTIPLE DISASTERS BEFORE A STRICKEN NATION WILL ADOPT POLICIES TO MOVE TOWARDS TYPHOON DISASTER RESILIENCE

12. FACT: MOST UNAFFECTED NATIONS DON’T EVEN TRY TO LEARN ANYTHING NEW FROM ANOTHER NATION’S DISASTERS AND CERTAINLY DON’T CHANGE THEIR EXISTING POLICIES

13. 2014 TYPHOON SEASON TYPHOON RAMMASUN Tuesday, July 15, 2014

14. TYPHOON RAMMASUN (a Thai term for “God of Thunder”) (AKA GLENDA locally) IMPACTED THE PHILIPPINES Wednesday, July 16, 2014

15. Rammasun (CAT 3) was the strongest storm to threaten the country since Haiyan, a Cat-5 "super typhoon" that wiped out nearly everything in its path when it crossed over the central Philippines in November, 2013.

16. TYPHOON RAMMASUN

17. JULY 14 Typhoon Rammasun (the 7 th storm of 2014 to hit the Philippines) arrived at Rapu-Rapu island in the eastern province of Albay with gusts of up to 160 kph (99 mph) and sustained winds of 130 kph (81 mph) near its centre.

18. RAMMASUN WAS HEADED FOR MANILLA—THE FIRST DIRECT HIT ON THE CAPITOL IN FOUR YEARS—ON JULY 14, 2014

19. TYPHOON RAMMASUN’S PREDICTED PATH

20. THE PREMISE: BY NOW, THE PHILIPPINES SHOULD HAVE LEARNED THE LESSONS FROM PAST TYPHOONS DISASTER ON WHAT TO DO BEFORE, DURING, AND AFTER A TYPHOON STRIKES

21. - - - (AND THEY DID!!) THE PEOPLE OF THE PHILIPPINES APPLIED THE VITAL LESSONS LEARNED 8 MONTHS EARLIER FROM HAIYAN, AND MANY OTHERS

22. TIMELY ANTICIPATORY ACTIONS At least 300,000 people had already fled from their homes in Albay province alone. However, many people were unwilling to evacuate.

23. TIMELY ANTICIPATORY ACTIONS Schools were closed. International flights were cancelled. The army was placed on high alert.

24. PHYSICAL DETAILS Typhoon Rammasun, with gusts of up to 160 kph (99 mph) and sustained winds of 130 kph (81 mph) near its centre, hit land over Rapu-Rapu island in the eastern province of Albay

25. JULY 15,TYPHOON RAMMASUN WAS HEADED TOWARDS MANILLA

26. GOOD NEWS ON JULY 16: The eye of Typhoon Rammasun made a late shift away from Manila, significantly reducing the damage to the capitol city of 17 million people.

27. LESSON: THE TIMING OF ANTICIPATORY ACTIONS IS VITAL The people who know: 1) what to expect (e.g., high-velocity winds, rain, flash floods, landslides, and storm surge), 2) where and when it will happen, and 3) what they should (and should not) do to prepare will survive.

28. JULY 14-16: TRACKING THE STORM IN MANILA OFFICE

29. LESSON: TIMELY EARLY WARNING AND EVACUATION SAVES LIVES The people who have timely early warning in conjunction with a community evacuation plan that facilitates getting out of harm’s way from the risks associated with storm surge, high winds, flooding, and landslides will survive.

30. A MAJOR FACTOR: FORTUNATELY, GOOD COMMUNICATIONS HAD MOTIVATED OVER 400,000 PEOPLE TO EVACUATE

31. AN EVACUATION CENTER: LEGAZPI CITY

32. LESSON: EMERGENCY RESPONSE SAVES LIVES The “Uncontrollable and Unthinkable” events will always hinder the timing of emergency response operations.

33. LESSON: EMERGENCY MEDICAL PREPAREDNESS SAVES LIVES Damaged hospitals and medical facilities combined with lack of clean drinking water, food, and medicine, and high levels of morbidity and mortality will quickly overrun the local community’s capacity for emergency health care.

34. SOCIOECONOMIC IMPACTS Flooded streets Bridges washed out or impassible Sea wall damaged Airport closed; planes damaged on the runway Landslides

35. STRANDED AT INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT: MANILA

36. Typhoon Rammasun’s peak winds of 150 kilometers (93 miles) per hour and gusts up to 185 kph (115 mph) caused major socio-economic impacts

37. SOCIOECONOMIC IMPACTS The Capital’s functions were shut down for a time Downed trees Power outages 20,000+ Roofs ripped off Major roads blocked by debris

38. MANILA BAY: TRYING TO REINFORCE FRAGILE HOUSES

39. LESSON: WIND ENGINEERED BUILDINGS SAVE LIVES Buildings engineered to withstand the risks from a typhoon’s high velocity winds will maintain their function and protect occupants and users from death and injury.

40. SOCIOECONOMIC IMPACTS Damage to crops (rice and corn) was estimated at around 668 million pesos, or about $15 million.

41. Good News: According to the Mayor of Manila, no deaths. However, 77 deaths were ultimately reported in other locations.

42. MANILA BAY: EXAMPLE OF DAMAGE TO FRAGILE HOUSES

43. REPLACING LIQUID GAS IN HOME

44. FLOODED STREETS: QUEZON CITY

45. FLOODED STREETS: QUEZON CITY, GREATER MANILA

46. LOCAL “S AND R”

47. Search and Rescue and Relief Efforts Will be Hampered by Landslides and Damaged Road Systems LESSON: All Kinds of Things Will go Wrong During the Emergency Response Period When the Uncontrollable and Unthinkable Happen.

48. DOWNED TREE: MANILA

49. STRENGTHENING A DAMAGED SEA WALL

50. DAMAGED BRIDGE

52. LESSON: THE INTERNATIONAL COMMUNITY ALWAYS PROVIDES AID The International Community provides millions to billions of dollars in relief to help “pick up the pieces, ” but this strategy is not enough by itself to ensure disaster resilience.

53. WEDNESDAY, JULY 2014 A weakened Rammasun heading toward China's Hainan Island and northern Vietnam. WARNING: It could strengthen again in the open water- - - (and it did!)

54. FACT: TYPHOON DISASTER RESILIENCE POLICIES BASED ON LESSONS LEARNED FROM PAST TYPHOON LABORATORIES ARE NEEDED BY MANY NATIONS

55. PILLARS OF TYPHOON DISASTER RESILIENCE Preparedness Adoption and Implementation of a Modern Wind Engineering Building Code Time,y Early Warning and Evacuation Timely Emergency Response (including Emergency Medical Services) Cost-Effective Recovery

56. COMMUNITIES COMMUNITIES DATA BASES AND INFORMATION HAZARDS: GROUND SHAKING GROUND FAILURE SURFACE FAULTING TECTONIC DEFORMATION TSUNAMI RUN UP AFTERSHOCKS TYPHOON HAZARDS INVENTORY VULNERABILITY LOCATION TYPHOON RISK RISK ACCEPTABLE RISK UNACCEPTABLE RISK TYPHOON DISASTER RESILIENCE PREPAREDNESS PROTECTION FORECASTS/SCENARIOS EMERGENCY RESPONSE RECOVERY and RECONSTRUCTION POLICY OPTIONS

57. THE CHALLENGE: POLICY CHANGES: CREATE, ADJUST, AND REALIGN PROGRAMS, PARTNERS AND PEOPLE UNTIL YOU HAVE CREATED THE KINDS OF TURNING POINTS NEEDED FOR MOVING TOWARDS TYPHOON RESILIENCE

58. CREATING TURNING POINTS FOR TYPHOON DISASTER RESILIENCE  USING EDUCATIONAL SURGES CONTAINING THE PAST AND PRESENT LESSONS TO FOSTER AND ACCELERATE THE CREATION OF TURNING POINTS

59. CREATING TURNING POINTS FOR TYPHOON DISASTER RESILIENCE  INTEGRATION OF SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNICAL SOLUTIONS WITH POLITICAL SOLUTIONS FOR POLICIES ON PREPAREDNESS, PROTECTION, EARLY WARNING, EMERGENCY RESPONSE, AND RECOVERY