6. Language Deficient Learner DYSLEXIA EDU 3201

7. Introdution Dyslexia Definition of Dyslexia What Is Dyslexia How Dyslexia is diagnosed What are some of the characteristics of Dyslexia What factors contribute to Dyslexia How Dyslexia happens How Dyslexia develops during childhood Symptoms of Dyslexia Psychological Effects Solutions to Dyslexia Conclusions Philosophical Thoughts

8. INTRODUCTION

9. I believe that language is one of God’s most important, gifts to man, and all of human characteristics. Language is the most distirictly human and the most basic.

10. Dyslexia

11. –One of the most prevalent language deficient learner is known as dyslexia. –Thus a person who, is impaired in language leads miserable and unsuccessful. –The following slides will give an overview of dyslexia. –Including, what is dyslexia, characteristics of dyslexia and supportive issues which will and the dyslexics dilemma

12. Definition of Dyslexia

13. –Dyslexia is a development disorder marked by difficulty in learning to read despite adequate intelligence, conventional instruction and sociocultural, opportunity. This means, a dyslexia is a person who is severely below their expected reading level based upon their overall intelligence. This person has received a normal education yet still falls below expectation.

14. What is Dyslexia

15. Delay in learning how to tie shoes Left/ right confusions Slow reader/ below Loses reading place Mixing the order of letters/ number Difficulty finding appropriate words Difficulty learning the alphabet Hesitant in speech Low self- esteem due to past frustrations Can’t manage words MMay have all or part of this signs……

16. How Dyslexia is diagnosed

17. By parents or teachers that a problem in reading exist By a physician By a psycho educational diagnosis By a diagnosticians who will employ a battery of assessment instruments

18. The characteristics of dyslexia

19. Family history of reading problems An average or above average IQ and, not uncommonly, a proficiency in math. No enjoyment of reading as a leisure activity Problems of letter & word reversal Developmental history of problems in coordination & left/ right dominance Poor visual memory for language symbols Auditory language difficulties in word finding, fluency, meaning or sequence Difficulty transferring information from what is heard to what is seen & vice versa

20. What factors contribute to dyslexia

21. OOcular Problems Such parameters as visual acuity, stereo acuity ocular alignment and mobility, fusion status and refractive error

22. LLanguage Problems An auditory language disorder that prevents the individual from linking the spoken form of a word.

23. VVisual- Spatial- Motor Problems Interferes with sequential organization, scanning, and the perception of temporal and spatial cues.

24. How Dyslexia Happens

25. It is a product of a special mode of thought & a natural reaction to confusion. Perceive better & formulate mental concepts faster than other people. Perceive imagination as reality. It is the foundation of genius, it is a nonverbal mode of thinking, which causes difficulty in learning written language

26. How Dyslexia develops during childhood

27. A potential dyslexic child discovers how to mentally fill in fragmentary perceptions. This imaginative talent may later produce dyslexia. A child uses his/ her to recognize objects in the environment and to develop artistic and kinesthetic talent. The child becomes a visual and conceptual thinker. The child suspects something is wrong. The teacher, other kids, school administration & eventually the parents gets upset with the child and now we will see behavior problems. At the age eight or nine, the child invents tricks like rote memorization, avoidance & reliance on others for reading & writing skill The child’s self- esteem suffers After school years the dyslexic overcome or circumvent the handicap of being functionally illiterate. As an adult the inability to read & write is a shameful secret. He/ she becomes secretive & hostile.

28. Symptoms of Dyslexia a) Miles ( 1974 ) quoted by Thomson b) Documentary on dyslexia by Innovation Lists of Symptoms Symptoms of Dyslexia

29. Symptoms of Dyslexia

30. Quoted by Thomson Discrepancy between intellectual level & performances in spelling. Bizarre of b and d Difficulty in distinguishing between left and right. Difficulty in repeating digits in reverse order. Inability to do memorizing tables Losing the place when reciting tables A history of clumsiness late walking or late talking.

31. Quoted by Innovation letters will appear to dance Forget sequence of letters Reverse words Insert/ delete words Reversal of b and d Respond to words impulsively Leave endings off words.

32. Psychological Effects A dyslexic is often confused about himself Leads to anxiety Under reaction Intelligent but he can’t pass the exam Over reaction 2 emotional responses

33. 2 emotional responses Under reactionOver reaction They withdraw Need considerable encouragement to do a task Need considerable approval and support to perform a task Constant correction ( develops a low self esteem ) ( reversing their maturity level to infantile habits ) Considers himself a failure & worthless Opposite of the outward action Try to cover their inability by being successful in other areas. Success in the form of being the class clown or bully. End up resenting authority

34. Solutions to Dyslexia ( 3 ) b) Corrective Approach a)Developmental Approach c) Remedial Approach

35. Developmental Approach Intensifies normal learning More individual attention Slowing down the class so that it will be easier for the child to learn. The class is made up of children with similar learning disorders.

36. Corrective Approach Focuses on strengths and abilities increase the child’s hope and self- esteem.

37. Remedial Approach Similar to developments approach Focuses heavily on the deficiencies of dyslexia Requires 1: 1 ratio ( student – teacher )

38. Conclusions Occurs in 15% of the population. Due to some neurological dysfunction of the brain A variety of symptoms can be overcome by special education. should get proper diagnosing & explanation No cure but ways of dealing the obstacles of dyslexia Not a disease It is a disorder Can be conquered with patience & determination.

39. We have proven records that dyslexia had been conquered by dyslexics and they had achieved beyond their expectations & imaginations in their lives. To name a few are: Walt Disney Leonardo da Vinci Jackie Stewart Alexander Graham Bell Albert Einstein

40. Philosophical thoughts… What we live with we learn, and what we learn we practice, and what we practice, we become ………… and what we become has consequences AND almost always, I have found, who we become has little to do with who we meant to be

41. THANK YOU We have become more learned teachers. We believe, after this assignment, we will do a better job in our schools. To this we thank our lecturer Dr. Ghazali Mustapha.