1. Evaluating the Efficacy of Hygiene Improvement Frameworks Using Existing Cultural Beliefs Marie Grace Trinidad UROP May 2008 University of California, Irvine

2. Acknowledgements: This work would not be possible without: Professor Zuzana Bic, MUDr., Dr.P.H. Professor Valerie Jenness, Ph.D. Dr. Candace Coffman, Ph.D. Professor Susan Tananbaum, Ph.D. Said Shokair and UROP Linda Murphy and LURF The Social Ecology Honors Program

3. Outline Motivation for Study Central Research Question Methodology Findings Conceptual Framework

4. Motivation To identify optimal approaches for reducing diarrheal disease in developing countries

5. Source: United Nations Development Programme, Human Development Report, 2006, available at http://hdr.undp.org/hdr2006/. Map is from globalhealthfacts.org http://hdr.undp.org/hdr2006/

6. Source: United Nations Development Programme, Human Development Report, 2006, available at http://hdr.undp.org/hdr2006/. Map is from globalhealthfacts.org http://hdr.undp.org/hdr2006/

7. Source: United Nations Development Programme, Human Development Report, 2006, available at http://hdr.undp.org/hdr2006/. Map is from globalhealthfacts.org http://hdr.undp.org/hdr2006/

10. Central Question What hygiene interventions in developing countries are effective and sustainable?

11. Research Methodology Literature Review: Web of Science and JSTOR Hygiene intervention (8 papers): diarrheal burden, perceived sustainability, broad applicability, and weakness in intervention design Motivations for hygiene behavior (14 papers): cultural factors and motivations for behavior change

12. Hygiene Interventions: all reduced diarrhea by 20-50% Approach Educational Interventions Provision of soap Purchase of water vessels Purchase of latrines Point of use disinfectants Challenges Social structures Cost Taste, Cost, Time

13. Motivations for Hygiene Behavior Nurture: desire to care for children Disgust: perceptions of contamination Appearance: reflections of respectability Status: desire to resemble royal class Sorcery: protection from evil spirits Health: prevention of diarrhea

14. Disease beliefs Household practices AIDS prevalence Per capita health $ Household income Hygiene behaviors Diarrheal burden Under 5 mortality Sanitation coverage Water coverage

15. If you have any questions please contact me: Marie Grace Trinidad University of California, Irvine mtrinida@uci.edu