1. Introduction to Horticulture Plants Parts

2. A World Without Plants  Find a Partner  On your note card  Identify why plants are so important to the world  Provide Examples

3. Parts of a Plant  Leaves  Stems  Roots  Flowers  Fruits or Seeds

4. Leaves  The FOOD FACTORY  Produces all the food required by the plant or animals  Leaf Structure  Petiole – leaf stalk  Blade – flat, large part of leaf  Midrib – large center vein  Veins – structural framework  Margin – edge of leaves (assists in ID)

5. Leaves  Internally –  Epidermis – single layer of cells that is the skin of the leaf – protect leaf from excessive moisture loss  Guard Cells – open and close a small pore on the underside of the leaf (stoma)  Allows leaf to breath and transpire  Transpire – give off moisture and exchange gases (oxygen and carbon dioxide)

6. Leaves  Transpiration is the evaporation of water through plant leaves and stems through the stomata (necessary for survival)  Transpiration slows when adequate water is unavailable (plant will begin to wilt)  If wilting continues into the evening, the plant needs more water to prevent damage  Extreme Drought – stomata close and photosynthesis slows or stops

7. Leaves  Transpiration  Cools the Plant  Maintains the flow of nutrients and manufactured food from root to top

8. Photosynthesis Carbon Dioxide + Water + Light Energy = Glucose + Oxygen  672 Kilocalories of Light – (1 molecule of glucose and 6 molecules of oxygen)  Carbon Dioxide enters through the Stoma  Food made in the Leaves travels DOWN through the stem to the roots  Food is used by plant or stored in the stem or root in the form of sugar, starch, or protein

9. Respiration  Respire – 24 hours a day  Respiration – plant consumes oxygen and gives off carbon dioxide (just like us and animals)  Roots, Stems, and Leaves all use oxygen  As they grow they use oxygen and give off carbon dioxide  BUT – they produce more oxygen through photosynthesis than they consume

10. BIG DIFFERENCE Photosynthesis 1. Food Made 2. Sun’s Energy Used 3. Carbon Dioxide Used 4. Oxygen Given Off 5. Produces Sugar & Starch 6. Requires Light 7. Chlorophyll must be Present Respiration 1. Food Used 2. Energy Released 3. Carbon Dioxide Given Off 4. Oxygen Used 5. Produces Carbon Dioxide & H2O 6. Goes on All Day and Night 7. Carried on in All Cells

11. Stems  TWO Main Functions 1. Movement of Materials  Water and Minerals (Roots – Up) [Xylem]  Manufactured Food (Leaves – Down) [Phloem] 2. Support of the Leaves and Reproductive Structures  Flowers, and Fruits or Seeds (Reproductive Structures)

12. Stems  ECONOMIC IMPORTANCE  Potato (Modified Stem) – USED FOR FOOD  Asparagus – USED FOR FOOD  And Several Others  Trees – trunks – USED FOR BUILDING MATERIALS

13. Roots  Anchor and hold plant Upright  Absorb water and minerals from the soil  Store large quantities of plant food  Propagate or Reproduce some plants  (First Three are Essential to All Plants)

14. Roots  Contains  Xylem – Water and Minerals Up  Phloem – Manufactured Food Down  Root Hairs – absorb moisture and minerals  Important for Cash Crops  Carrots, Beets, Radishes, Sweet Potatoes  Fibrous vs. Tap  Monocot vs. Dicot  Fibrous are easier to transplant

15. Flower Fruit Seed  The Beauty of a Flower is necessary to Attract Insects  When visited:  Fertilize by pollination (Beginning of Fruit & Seed)  Fruits and Seeds are Attractive so:  Birds and Animals will eat, collect, and spread them

16. Flower  Complete  Male and Female Parts – Can pollinate themselves  Contain: Sepals, Petals, Stamens, and Pistil  Incomplete  Male – OR – Female Parts  Contain: Sepals, Petals, Stamens (Male) Pistil (Female)

17. Exit Slip  With Partner  Back of Note Card  3 Things you Now Know, that you Didn’t Know when you walked in.