1. Prof. Francis Iyoha Dean, CBSS

2. 1.Introduction 2.Key words 3.Purpose of Budgets 4. Achieving Budget Discipline

3.  Budget  Budget Discipline  Sustainable Development

4. The purpose of a budget might be to:  Compel Planning  Communicate Ideas and Plans  Co-ordinate Activities  Establish a System of Controls  Motivate Employees  Authorize Actions  Evaluate Performance

5.  Identify Budget centres/hierarchy of budget centres  Establish clear responsibilities  Identify principal or key budget factor(s)  Identify all sources of inflows and outflows  Determine capital and recurrent expenditure relationship  Prepare the budget (be realistic)  Implement and monitor  Investigate all variances  Revise (if necessary)