1. Antimicrobial Drugs Chapter 20

2. I. Chemotherapeutics u A. History –Paul Ehrlich –Structural analogues »1935: Domagk

3. B. General types of chemotherapeutics u 1. Structural analogues –competitive inhibitors –growth factors

4. 2. Antibiotics u Chemicals secreted by organisms to kill off other organisms u Primarily isolated from

5. C. Specificity of various antibiotics

7. III. Sites of interaction u Cell wall u Cell membrane u Essential metabolite biosynthesis u Protein synthesis u DNA replication and transcription

8. IV. Cell wall inhibitors u A. Penicillin family –Benzylpenicillin

9. B. Resistance to penicillin

10. C. Penicillin family: modifications of side chain u Methicillin u Ampicillin u Carbenicillin u Oxacillin

11. D. Other cell wall growth inhibitors u Cephalosporins u Bacitracin u Vancomycin

12. V. Inhibitors of protein synthesis u Aminoglycosides

13. Aminoglycosides, cont u Tetracyclines u Macrolides

14. VI. Inhibitors of nucleic acid biosynthesis u Rifamycin u Quinolones

15. VII. Interaction with plasma membrane

16. VIII. Viral control u Chemical inhibition u Interferon

17. IX. Fungal control u Unique membrane components u Folate biosynthesis

18. u Others block –chitin biosynthesis –nucleic acid biosynthesis –microtubule assembly

19. X. Drug resistance u Prevent entry u Alter binding site u Inactivate drug

20. XI. And in the future...