1. DC/AC Inverter Simplified SPICE Behavioral Model All Rights Reserved Copyright (C) Bee Technologies Corporation 20101

2. Contents 1.Model Overview 2.Benefit of the Model 3.Concept of the Model 4.DC/AC Specification (Example) 5.Input-Output Characteristics 6.Simulation Circuit and Setting All Rights Reserved Copyright (C) Bee Technologies Corporation 20102

3. 1.Model Overview All Rights Reserved Copyright (C) Bee Technologies Corporation 20103 This DC/AC Inverter Simplified SPICE Behavioral Model is for users who require the model of a Inverter as a part of their system. The model focuses on the input/output relationships of the Inverter block; therefore, it is not using high frequency models (e.g. oscillator and noise models), and is not based on the electronic topologies of the Inverter. The model enables long-term behavior simulation of the system (e.g. in a Photovoltaic system simulation).

4. 2.Benefit of the Model Enable Transient Simulation. Can be adjusted to your own DC/AC specifications, by editing the model parameters. The simplified model is an easy-to-use, which can be provided without the circuit detail. Time and costs are saved because only the necessary parts are simulated. All Rights Reserved Copyright (C) Bee Technologies Corporation 20104

5. 3.Concept of the Model The model is characterized by parameters n, Vin_min, Vin_max, Vo_ac and- Freq that represent the input-output-relationships of the Inverter. All Rights Reserved Copyright (C) Bee Technologies Corporation 20105 Single Output DC/AC Inverter Simplified SPICE Behavioral Model Efficiency (n) = P AC / P DC = ( Vo rms  Io rms ) / ( V IN  I IN ) IN+ IN- OUT+ OUT- V IN,MIN ~V IN,MAX (Vdc) V O (V AC ) I IN IO~IO~ ~

6. 4.DC/AC Specification (Example) DC/AC Inverter with V IN =8~16Vdc, V O =100V rms, and Efficiency=80% All Rights Reserved Copyright (C) Bee Technologies Corporation 20106 Single Output DC/AC Inverter Efficiency (n) = 80% Operating Input Voltage: V IN,MIN =8 ~ V IN,MAX =16(Vdc) V O = 100(V rms ) IN+ IN- OUT+ OUT- ~

7. 5.Input-Output Characteristics Output and efficiency of the Inverter on time domain analysis. All Rights Reserved Copyright (C) Bee Technologies Corporation 20107 Efficiency (n)  80% V O(AC) V O(AC) decreases as V IN < V IN,MIN I O(AC) = 2.498A (rms) V in(DC) I in(DC)

8. 6.Simulation Circuit and Setting All Rights Reserved Copyright (C) Bee Technologies Corporation 20108 Please do copy/paste 1)LTspice symbols files to C:\Program Files\LTC\LTspiceIV\lib\sym 2)LIB files to C:\Program Files\LTC\LTspiceIV\lib\sub

9. 6.Simulation Circuit and Setting To show the simulation results with the same format (plots and axis scales) to this manual, please select Waveforms window then select Plot Setting > Reload Plot Setting after the simulation finished running. 9 select Waveforms window select Reload Plot Settings select Reload Plot Settings All Rights Reserved Copyright (C) Bee Technologies Corporation 2010