2. Driver’s Ed Section 4 Information Processing: Complex Risk Environments

3. Bell Ringer – Day 2 Write a half a page red to red on the below statement. Dealing with drinking and driving: –Why do you think it still occurs? –What things do you think could or should be done to make drinking and driving occur less? –What would you do to minimize the occurrences?

4. Day 2 Objectives The students will be able to understand situations that should NEVER be done on interstates.The students will be able to understand situations that should NEVER be done on interstates. The students will be able to understandultiple lane roadway dangers.The students will be able to understand multiple lane roadway dangers. The students will be able to understand highway hypnosis.The students will be able to understand highway hypnosis. The students will be able to understandramp metering is effective.The students will be able to understand why ramp metering is effective. The students will be able to understand thatThe students will be able to understand that Drinking and driving at any age is illegal The students will be able to understand the difference between blood alcohol concentration and Blood alcohol content The students will be able to understand proof factorsThe students will be able to understand blood alcohol concentration factors Related SOL: DE.4, DE.5, DE.6, DE.7, and DE.12

5. High Speed Considerations

6. On the Expressway… Drive over or across the median or yellow painted line. Drive over or across the median or yellow painted line. Make a left turn or a U-turn on crossovers (designed for emergency vehicles only). Make a left turn or a U-turn on crossovers (designed for emergency vehicles only). Use the left lane except for passing. Use the left lane except for passing. Change lanes without signaling and checking for an adequate gap in traffic. Change lanes without signaling and checking for an adequate gap in traffic. Do Not: This is a median

7. On the Expressway… Drive onto an expressway except from an on-ramp. Drive onto an expressway except from an on-ramp. Park or Stop on an expressway shoulder unless you have an emergency or mechanical difficulties. Park or Stop on an expressway shoulder unless you have an emergency or mechanical difficulties. Backup. Backup. Walk or ride a bike. Walk or ride a bike. Do Not: This is a shoulder

8. NEVER BACK UP ON AN EXPRESSWAY!!

9. Multiple Lane Roadway Dangers At higher speeds greater braking distances are needed to stop and… At higher speeds greater braking distances are needed to stop and… Traffic may enter and/or exit on your left Velocitation may effect your ability to judge speed Highway hypnosis may occur Field of vision is narrowed Field of vision is narrowed Brake 20 mph 40 mph 60 mph 20 ft. 80 ft. 180 ft. 65 mph

10. Highway Hypnosis Plan breaks and rest stops to combat highway hypnosis or go to a safe area for rest or sleep when tired. Is a dulled or drowsy condition that can occur when driving long distances Situation becomes worse when the driver’s eyes focus on the center line.

11. Multiple Lane Roadway Dangers Vehicles moving onto the shoulder or re-entering the roadway Tires losing traction and hydroplaning during wet weather conditions Slow moving vehicles ahead or “Pack Driving” Two vehicles changing lanes at the same time into same lane Windy and/or wet sections of the roadway

12. Ramp Metering Used to control large volumes of traffic entering expressways Used to control large volumes of traffic entering expressways Uses a system of lights and sensors Uses a system of lights and sensors Allows only a few cars at a time to enter congested limited access highways Allows only a few cars at a time to enter congested limited access highways

13. Short Trips on Expressways Know the name, route, and number of the entrance and exit to be used Check vehicle for maintenance problems Take a local map Plan a time to travel to avoid congestion around major cities

14. Long Trips on Expressways Do vehicle maintenance checks Do vehicle maintenance checks Balance vehicle load Balance vehicle load Plan stops for: Plan stops for: – Food – Rest – Fuel Know the route numbers you need to take Know the route numbers you need to take Take a map of the planned route Take a map of the planned route Check with police or VDOT for construction delays Check with police or VDOT for construction delays Carry money or credit cards Carry money or credit cards

15. Reducing Risk Entering the Roadway Reducing Risk Entering the Roadway Search for proper entrance Search for proper entrance Search for potential conflicts Search for potential conflicts Prepare to adjust speed Prepare to adjust speed Avoid stopping on the ramp Avoid stopping on the ramp Be prepared to drive onto the shoulder Be prepared to drive onto the shoulder Merge smoothly Merge smoothly Create space around your vehicle Create space around your vehicle

16. Increase Following Distance  When following large trucks or buses  When following motorcycles  When driving in bad weather  When being tailgated  When driving with a heavy load or pulling a trailer  When entering/exiting the expressway INCREASE

17. Special Roadway Conditions Expressways through cities Avoid driving in the right lane when vehicles are merging Search for signs, signals, and roadway markings Search for exits early and adjust position in adequate time to exit safely Don’t make last minute lane changes to gain access to an exit Monitor the zones around your vehicle and adjust position to create space cushions

18. Special Roadway Conditions Disabled vehicles Don’t be a “rubber necker” Give the disabled vehicle plenty of room Pull as far off the roadway as possible if your vehicle becomes disabled

19. Special Roadway Conditions Construction Areas Use caution when approaching: Search ahead for warning signs. Reduce your speed. Adjust position to maintain a space around your vehicle.

20. Special Roadway Conditions- Toll booths Exact change booths — The driver deposits coins (exact change) into a machine. Attendant operated booths — For large vehicles or drivers without exact change. Electronically operated booths — For drivers with prepaid accounts (Smart Tag). When exiting a toll-booth plaza, search traffic to both sides for open space, accelerate smoothly, and adjust speed to blend with the flow of traffic.

21. Introduction to Alcohol

22. Zero Tolerance If you are under age 21 and drive with a BAC of at least.02%, but less than.08%, you can be fined up to $500 and have your license suspended for six months. You also face a possible jail term for driving while intoxicated

23. This is the implied consent law A breath test is taken and the results show an illegal BAC or if a driver refuses to submit to the breath test, the person’s license or the privilege to operate a motor vehicle is suspended immediately for 7 days. Administrative License Suspension

24. What does B.A.C stand for? Blood alcohol concentration: the percentage of alcohol related to the total amount of blood in the body. –For example: 1 drop of alcohol per 999 drops of blood equals.10 BAC per every 1,000 drops of fluid.

25. What does B.A.C stand for? Alcohol content: the amount of alcohol consumed. –For example: one 12 ounce beer is.57 ounce of alcohol consumed or one shot of 80 proof whiskey is.40 ounce alcohol consumed. –Driving ability can be affected by only one drink

26. Blood Alcohol Concentration FactorsLiquor Beer Weight (blood volume)Weight (blood volume) Time Spent DrinkingTime Spent Drinking GenderGender FoodFood Alcohol Content and Size of DrinkAlcohol Content and Size of Drink Wine Factors affecting BAC Don’t write these

27. BAC FactorsWeight Heavier people have more blood and other body fluids to dilute alcohol consumed. 0.04 0.08 220 lbs 110 lbs Time Spent Drinking 90% of the alcohol detoxified (burned up) is by the liver 10% is eliminated in breath, urine, and sweat Their BAC level will be lower than the BAC of a smaller person who drank the same volume of alcohol. On average, a person’s BAC is oxidized at a rate of 0.015 per hour NOTE: Alcohol is toxic to the liver and brain. Hence, the term intoxication denotes the toxic effect alcohol has on these organs.

28. BAC Factors Gender Women process alcohol at a slower rate than men. This is because they usually weigh less and produce less of the enzyme dehydrogenase needed by the liver to break down alcohol. Men also have a higher percentage of body fluids which dilutes the alcohol. Food The amount of food in your stomach does very little to reduce the effect alcohol has on the brain and liver. However, food does coat the lining of the stomach and slows absorption into the blood stream. Note: When alcohol is mixed with carbonated beverages the absorption rate is faster because gases are absorbed faster than liquids.

29. Are They The Same ? Beer, Whiskey, Wine, Cooler, Margarita Beer, Whiskey, Wine, Cooler, Margarita If I drink 3 beers, you drink 3 glasses of wine and your friend has liquor. Did we all drink the same amount of alcohol? ===?

30. Are They The Same ? Myth A “DRINK” is: a 12-ounce beer, a 4- to 6-ounce glass of wine, or a shot of liquor. Fact A “DRINK” is ½ an ounce of alcohol.

31. Equivalents Drink Equivalents %OuncesDrinkAlcohol 4.2 12Beer.50 oz. 6.1 8Beer.48 oz. 10 5Wine.50 oz. 14 3.5Wine.49 oz. 40 1.25Liquor*.50 oz. 50 1.0 Liquor.50 oz. 75.67Liquor.50 oz.  Drinks come in different sizes and they come with different alcohol contents

32. How Much Alcohol Do They Contain? BeverageAlcohol % Beer3 – 11 % Wine8 – 25 % Liquor26 - 75.5 % Pure Grain Alcohol95 – 99 %

33. How Much Light Beer? Based on light beer with 4.2% alcohol by volume consumed in 1 hour. NOTE: The alcohol content of light beer varies from 3.3 to 4.4 %. WeightOz. Light BACOz. Light BAC Oz. Light BAC Beer Beer Beer 200 180 160 140 120 100 0.03 22 oz. 20 oz. 18 oz. 16 oz. 14 oz. 11 oz. 0.05 37 oz. 33 oz. 30 oz. 27 oz. 22 oz. 20 oz. 0.07 52 oz. 46 oz. 41 oz. 37 oz. 32 oz. 28 oz. MALE 200 180 160 140 120 100 18 oz. 16 oz. 14 oz. 12 oz. 10 oz. 7 oz. 30 oz. 27 oz. 22 oz. 20 oz. 18 oz. 16 oz. 41 oz. 37 oz. 32 oz. 28 oz. 26 oz. 21 oz. FEMALEFEMALE 0.03 0.05 0.07

34. Elimination RateExample Based on 1 drink per hour for 6 hours 150 lb male BAC in (6 hr. x.03) =.18 BAC out (6 hr. x.015) =.09 BAC after 6 hr. (.18 -.09) =.09 BAC remaining 150 lb female BAC in (6 hr. x.033) =.198 BAC out (6 hr. x.015) =.09 BAC after 6 hr. (.198 -.09) =.108 BAC remaining With shoulder partner, calculate how long to sober

35. Take Responsibility Say “No” to drinking and driving. Drinking and driving at any age is Illegal Mixing alcohol and driving is the leading cause of older teenage drivers’ crashes. NO Thanks I’m Driving

36. Proof of Alcohol Proof means twice the actual alcohol content –80 proof is 40% alcohol –90 proof is 45% alcohol –Etc etc Liquor Wine Beer

37. Costs of Drinking & Driving in VA PROCESS OFFENDER’S TIME & COSTS TIMECONSEQUENCES/COSTS Traffic Stop, Field Test3 – 5 HoursIf juvenile, parents notified Arrest, Breath Test Booking Magistrate Reviews1 – 2 HoursAfter booking: Immediate 7 day Incident Reportsuspension of Driver’s License (Setting Bond, Booking) Posting BailWill be held till$500 Unsecured sober to Minimum 4 hours$2500 Secured Car Towed1 – 2 Hours$100 Towing Fee (unless there is another sober driver in vehicle)

38. PROCESSTIMECONSEQUENCES/COSTS OFFENDER’S TIME & COSTS Return to General1 – 2 HoursTime lost from work or school District Court after 7 days to retrieve Driver’s License Hiring an Attorney1 – 3 Hours$112 – Court Appointed meeting with to counsel/retaining$1500 - $4000 – Private Counsel counsel Appearing in Court1 – 3 Hours per2 days work/school missed Court appearance (Minimum 2 appearances) Costs of Drinking & Driving in VA

39. PROCESSTIMECONSEQUENCES/COSTS OFFENDER’S TIME & COSTS Paying Court Costs License can/will beCourt Cost = $164 suspendedFine = $250 - $1000 depending on Felony Conviction offense classLoss of Voting Rights & Right to Bear Arms Jail Time0 –12 Months0 - $500 Fine (depends on BAC.20 BAC has a mandatory and number of5-day jail & $250 fine previous con-.25 BAC has a mandatory victions: can be10-day jail & $250 fine mandatory)2 nd offense within 5 years has a mandatory 5-day jail and $500 fine PLUS: If a juvenile is in car = $500 fine and 5-day jail Costs of Drinking & Driving in VA

40. PROCESS TIME & COSTS TIMECONSEQUENCES/COSTS Trip to DMV for1 – 2 Hours $120 Fee for required restricted Restricted Driver’s license License for 12 months Driver’s License marked with (1 st offense) a BIG Red letter R for restricted Attend Alcohol SafetyMinimum 20 hours $350 plus $25 per sighted drug Action Program ten week alcohol screen as required plus any (ASAP)education course other treatment costs Notify Insurance Co.Must apply for $1000 - $2,000 increase in car SR22 on Driver’s insurance per year License (3-5 years) Obtain Non-restricted1 – 2 Hours at DMV $10 fee Total Cost: $5,000 - $20,000 The costs in time, money and lives for drinking and driving is HUGE! Remember drinking & driving is illegal at any age. Costs of Drinking & Driving in VA

41. Elimination RateMyth The average person can tolerate one drink per hour without substantial impairment. Facts Sobriety returns ONLY with time.Sobriety returns ONLY with time. Alcohol is eliminated at approximately.015 BAC per hour.Alcohol is eliminated at approximately.015 BAC per hour. Titanic Principle If you take in more than your system can pump out, sooner or later you’ll sink!

42. So what is the only factor that removes alcohol form the body? TIME!!

43. Class Work Read pages 374 – 388 List the 10 misconceptions about drinking. On page 381 answer review question 1- 3 On page 387, List and explain the legal measures to correct problems caused by alcohol.

44. The End!