1. The Animal kingdom

2. Animal diversity Eagle (bird) and butterfly (insect) both have wings
Animals show diversity in body structures and function

3. Classification of animals
Two main groups
Based on the absence or presence of backbone (vertebral column)
Invertebrates (animals without backbone)
Vertebrates (animals having backbone)

4. Classification of animals

5. Invertebrates

6. Invertebrates Most animals on the Earth are invertebrates
Do not have a backbone
Do not have any bones in their body
Sponge, spider, snail, jelly fish, worms

7. Invertebrate Phyla Sponges Cnidarians Flatworms Round worms Mollusks
Annelids
Arthropods
Echinoderms

8. Sponges Live in ocean Asymmetric body
Tube-like body having small pores
Sweeps water through pores into the tubes
Special cells filter and digest food material
Reproduce asexually (fragmentation) and sexually

9. Cnidarians Complex than sponges, invertebrates, live in oceans
Body form medusa or polyp
Cnidocytes (sting cells)
Budding/ fragmentation
Sexual reproduction
Jelly fish

10. Flatworms Simplest worms, live in water, damp soil, some are parasites
More complex body, bilateral symmetry
Head with eyespots
Reproduce sexually or fragmentation (asexually)
Tapeworm
Planaria

11. Roundworms Invertebrates with coelom, bilaterally symmetrical
Fresh water, damp soil, parasites
Some eat other small organisms
Ascaris

12. Mollusks Invertebrates, oceans, freshwater, land
Specialized tissue “mantle” – secretes shell
Some have muscular foot to move e.g. snails
Others have tentacles e.g. squids
Reproduce sexually
Snail
Oyester

13. Annelids Found in oceans and on land, bilateral symmetry
Segmented worms (repeated body segments)
Hermaphrodites (have both male & female sex organs in the same organism)
Leech
Earthworm

14. Arthropods
Most diverse group, presence of exoskeleton, Water, air, land
Segmented body – head thorax, abdomen
Spider, bee, fly, mosquito, grasshopper, centipede, beetle, shrimp, cockroach, crab

15. Echinoderms Spiny skinned – exoskeleton having spines, live in ocean
Eat organic matter or other organisms
Starfish
Sea urchin

16. Vertebrates

17. Vertebrates Belong to phylum Chordata
Notochord - develops into backbone
Backbone – a column of several bones called as vertebrae
Backbone is a part of endoskeleton
Muscles are attached to bones – movement
Divided into five groups
Fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds and mammals
Live on land or in water
Herbivore, carnivore or omnivore
Separate genders (one gender per individual)

18. Fish More than half of vertebrate species are fish
Jawless, cartilaginous and bony fish
Marine and freshwater
Ectothermic
Cartilaginous
Jawless
Bony fish

19. Amphibians Water and land Require water to lay eggs
As tadpole live in water
Frogs, toads, salamanders
Thin moist skin
Ectothermic
Frog
Salamander

20. Reptiles Live on land, do not require water to lay eggs
Crawling animals
Turtles, alligators, snakes
Reproduce sexually
Ectothermic

21. Birds Some live on land, others in water, or both
Flying birds and flight less birds
Feathers – maintain temperature and flying
Reproduce sexually
Endothermic
Pelican
Parrots
Penguin

22. Mammals Hair on body, external ears, produce milk
3 types – monotreme (lay eggs), marsupials (pouched) and placental (fetus is connected to uterine wall through placenta) mammals
Reproduce sexually
Endotherms
Lay eggs Pouched Placenta