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The Animal kingdom
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Animal diversity Eagle (bird) and butterfly (insect) both have wings
Animals show diversity in body structures and function
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Classification of animals
Two main groups Based on the absence or presence of backbone (vertebral column) Invertebrates (animals without backbone) Vertebrates (animals having backbone)
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Classification of animals
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Invertebrates
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Invertebrates Most animals on the Earth are invertebrates
Do not have a backbone Do not have any bones in their body Sponge, spider, snail, jelly fish, worms
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Invertebrate Phyla Sponges Cnidarians Flatworms Round worms Mollusks
Annelids Arthropods Echinoderms
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Sponges Live in ocean Asymmetric body
Tube-like body having small pores Sweeps water through pores into the tubes Special cells filter and digest food material Reproduce asexually (fragmentation) and sexually
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Cnidarians Complex than sponges, invertebrates, live in oceans
Body form medusa or polyp Cnidocytes (sting cells) Budding/ fragmentation Sexual reproduction Jelly fish
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Flatworms Simplest worms, live in water, damp soil, some are parasites
More complex body, bilateral symmetry Head with eyespots Reproduce sexually or fragmentation (asexually) Tapeworm Planaria
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Roundworms Invertebrates with coelom, bilaterally symmetrical
Fresh water, damp soil, parasites Some eat other small organisms Ascaris
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Mollusks Invertebrates, oceans, freshwater, land
Specialized tissue “mantle” – secretes shell Some have muscular foot to move e.g. snails Others have tentacles e.g. squids Reproduce sexually Snail Oyester
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Annelids Found in oceans and on land, bilateral symmetry
Segmented worms (repeated body segments) Hermaphrodites (have both male & female sex organs in the same organism) Leech Earthworm
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Arthropods Most diverse group, presence of exoskeleton, Water, air, land Segmented body – head thorax, abdomen Spider, bee, fly, mosquito, grasshopper, centipede, beetle, shrimp, cockroach, crab
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Echinoderms Spiny skinned – exoskeleton having spines, live in ocean
Eat organic matter or other organisms Starfish Sea urchin
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Vertebrates
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Vertebrates Belong to phylum Chordata
Notochord - develops into backbone Backbone – a column of several bones called as vertebrae Backbone is a part of endoskeleton Muscles are attached to bones – movement Divided into five groups Fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds and mammals Live on land or in water Herbivore, carnivore or omnivore Separate genders (one gender per individual)
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Fish More than half of vertebrate species are fish
Jawless, cartilaginous and bony fish Marine and freshwater Ectothermic Cartilaginous Jawless Bony fish
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Amphibians Water and land Require water to lay eggs
As tadpole live in water Frogs, toads, salamanders Thin moist skin Ectothermic Frog Salamander
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Reptiles Live on land, do not require water to lay eggs
Crawling animals Turtles, alligators, snakes Reproduce sexually Ectothermic
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Birds Some live on land, others in water, or both
Flying birds and flight less birds Feathers – maintain temperature and flying Reproduce sexually Endothermic Pelican Parrots Penguin
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Mammals Hair on body, external ears, produce milk
3 types – monotreme (lay eggs), marsupials (pouched) and placental (fetus is connected to uterine wall through placenta) mammals Reproduce sexually Endotherms Lay eggs Pouched Placenta
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